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C#/.NET Client for Redis

ServiceStack's C# Redis Client is a simple, high-performance and feature-rich C# Client for Redis with native support and high-level abstractions for serializing POCOs and Complex Types.

There are a number of different APIs available with the RedisClient implementing the following interfaces:

Caching Provider - If you are using Redis solely as a cache, you should bind to the ServiceStack's common interface as there already are In-Memory an Memcached implementations available in ServiceStack, allowing you to easily switch providers
IRedisNativeClient / Async - For those wanting a low-level raw byte access (where you can control your own serialization/deserialization) that map 1:1 with Redis operations of the same name.

For most cases if you require access to Redis specific functionality you would want to bind to the interface below:

IRedisClient / Async - Provides a friendlier, more descriptive API that lets you store values as strings (UTF8 encoding).
Redis generic client APIs - created with redis.As<T>() - returns a 'strongly-typed client' that provides a typed-interface for all redis value operations that works against any C#/.NET POCO type.

The interfaces works cleanly with any IOC and allows your app logic to bind to implementation-free interfaces which can easily be mocked and substituted.

An overview of class hierarchy for the C# Redis clients looks like:

RedisTypedClient (POCO) > RedisClient (string) > RedisNativeClient (raw byte[])

With each client providing different layers of abstraction:

The RedisNativeClient exposes raw byte[] apis and does no marshalling and passes all values directly to redis.
The RedisClient assumes string values and simply converts strings to UTF8 bytes before sending to Redis
The RedisTypedClient provides a generic interface allowing you to add POCO values. POCOs are serialized using ServiceStack.Text which is then converted to UTF8 bytes and sent to Redis.

API Overview

Redis Connection Strings

Redis Connection strings have been expanded to support the more versatile URI format which is now able to capture most of Redis Client settings in a single connection string (akin to DB Connection strings).

Redis Connection Strings supports multiple URI-like formats, from a simple hostname or IP Address and port pair to a fully-qualified URI with multiple options specified on the QueryString.

Some examples of supported formats:

localhost
127.0.0.1:6379
redis://localhost:6379
password@localhost:6379
clientid:password@localhost:6379
redis://clientid:password@localhost:6380?ssl=true&db=1

More examples can be seen in ConfigTests.cs

Any additional configuration can be specified as QueryString parameters. The full list of options that can be specified include:

Ssl	bool	If this is an SSL connection
Db	int	The Redis DB this connection should be set to
Client	string	A text alias to specify for this connection for analytic purposes
Password	string	UrlEncoded version of the Password for this connection
ConnectTimeout	int	Timeout in ms for making a TCP Socket connection
SendTimeout	int	Timeout in ms for making a synchronous TCP Socket Send
ReceiveTimeout	int	Timeout in ms for waiting for a synchronous TCP Socket Receive
IdleTimeOutSecs	int	Timeout in Seconds for an Idle connection to be considered active
NamespacePrefix	string	Use a custom prefix for ServiceStack.Redis internal index colletions

Download

PM> Install-Package ServiceStack.Redis

Latest v4+ on NuGet is a commercial release with free quotas.

Getting Started with AWS ElastiCache Redis and ServiceStack

ServiceStack.Redis has great support AWS's ElastiCache Redis solution, follow this guide to help getting up and running quickly:

ElastiCache Redis

Redis Client Managers

The recommended way to access RedisClient instances is to use one of the available Thread-Safe Client Managers below. Client Managers are connection factories which should be registered as a Singleton either in your IOC or static class.

RedisManagerPool

With the enhanced Redis URI Connection Strings we've been able to simplify and streamline the existing PooledRedisClientManager implementation and have extracted it out into a new clients manager called RedisManagerPool.

In addition to removing all above options on the Client Manager itself, readonly connection strings have also been removed so the configuration ends up much simpler and more aligned with the common use-case:

container.Register<IRedisClientsManager>(c => 
    new RedisManagerPool(redisConnectionString));

Pooling Behavior

Any connections required after the maximum Pool size has been reached will be created and disposed outside of the Pool. By not being restricted to a maximum pool size, the pooling behavior in RedisManagerPool can maintain a smaller connection pool size at the cost of potentially having a higher opened/closed connection count.

PooledRedisClientManager

If you prefer to define options on the Client Manager itself or you want to provide separate Read/Write and ReadOnly (i.e. Master and Replica) redis-servers, use the PooledRedisClientManager instead:

container.Register<IRedisClientsManager>(c => 
    new PooledRedisClientManager(redisReadWriteHosts, redisReadOnlyHosts) { 
        ConnectTimeout = 100,
        //...
    });

Pooling Behavior

The PooledRedisClientManager imposes a maximum connection limit and when its maximum pool size has been reached will instead block on any new connection requests until the next RedisClient is released back into the pool. If no client became available within PoolTimeout, a Pool TimeoutException will be thrown.

Read Only Clients

By default resolving a RedisClient with GetRedisClient() or GetRedisClientAsync() will return a client connected to the configured primary (master) host, if you also have replica (slave) hosts configured, you can access it with the GetReadOnlyClient() or GetReadOnlyClientAsync() APIs, e.g:

using var redisReadOnly = clientsManager.GetReadOnlyClient();

BasicRedisClientManager

If don't want to use connection pooling (i.e. you're accessing a local redis-server instance) you can use a basic (non-pooled) Clients Manager which creates a new RedisClient instance each time:

container.Register<IRedisClientsManager>(c => 
    new BasicRedisClientManager(redisConnectionString));

Accessing the Redis Client

Once registered, accessing the RedisClient is the same in all Client Managers, e.g:

var clientsManager = container.Resolve<IRedisClientsManager>();
using var redis = clientsManager.GetClient();

redis.IncrementValue("counter");
List<string> days = redis.GetAllItemsFromList("days");

//Access Typed API
var redisTodos = redis.As<Todo>();

redisTodos.Store(new Todo {
    Id = redisTodos.GetNextSequence(),
    Content = "Learn Redis",
});

var todo = redisTodos.GetById(1);

//Access Native Client
var redisNative = (IRedisNativeClient)redis;

redisNative.Incr("counter");
List<string> days = redisNative.LRange("days", 0, -1);

A more detailed list of the available RedisClient APIs used in the example can be seen in the C# interfaces below:

Pipeline & Transaction APIs

Generic Client APIs

Server Collection APIs

Async Redis

The async support in ServiceStack.Redis is designed for optimal efficiency and uses ValueTask & other modern Async APIs only available in .NET Standard 2.0 and .NET Framework v4.7.2+ projects where there's async API equivalents for most sync APIs as contained within the Async Redis interfaces below:

Async Pipeline & Transaction APIs

Async Generic Client APIs

Async Server Collection APIs

Redis Async Usage

All Redis Client Managers implement both IRedisClientsManager and IRedisClientsManagerAsync so IOC registrations remain the same which can continue to register against the existing IRedisClientsManager interface, e.g:

container.Register<IRedisClientsManager>(c => 
    new RedisManagerPool(redisConnectionString));

Where it can be used to resolve both sync IRedisClient and async IRedisClientAsync clients, e.g:

using var syncRedis = container.Resolve<IRedisClientsManager>().GetClient();
await using var asyncRedis = await container.Resolve<IRedisClientsManager>().GetClientAsync();

If you want to force async-only API usage could choose to just register IRedisClientsManagerAsync where it only lets you resolve async only IRedisClientAsync and ICacheClientAsync clients, e.g:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddSingleton<IRedisClientsManagerAsync>(c => new RedisManagerPool());
}

//... 

public class MyDep
{
    private IRedisClientsManagerAsync manager;
    public MyDep(IRedisClientsManagerAsync manager) => this.manager = manager;

    public async Task<long> Incr(string key, uint value)
    {
        await using var redis = await manager.GetClientAsync();
        return await redis.IncrementAsync(key, value);
    }
}

Usage in ServiceStack

Inside ServiceStack Services & Controllers we recommend using GetRedisAsync() to resolve an IRedisClientAsync:

public class MyService : Service
{
    public async Task<object> Any(MyRequest request)
    {
        await using var redis = await GetRedisAsync();
        await redis.IncrementAsync(nameof(MyRequest), 1);
    }
}

public class HomeController : ServiceStackController
{
    public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    {
        await using var redis = await GetRedisAsync();
        await redis.IncrementAsync(nameof(HomeController), 1);
    }
}

Redis Vue Desktop

Redis Vue is a simple user-friendly Vue Desktop App for browsing data in Redis servers which takes advantages of the complex type conventions built in the ServiceStack.Redis Client to provide a rich, human-friendly UI for navigating related datasets, enabling a fast and fluid browsing experience for your Redis servers.

Install .NET SDK and run install/app.ps1 to install the app dotnet tool:

powershell iwr gist.cafe/install.ps1 -useb | iex

Then run redis Vue Desktop App in a browser:

app://redis

Or from the command-line:

app open redis

Redis Sentinel

To use the new Sentinel support, instead of populating the Redis Client Managers with the connection string of the master and slave instances you would create a single RedisSentinel instance configured with the connection string of the running Redis Sentinels:

var sentinelHosts = new[]{ "sentinel1", "sentinel2:6390", "sentinel3" };
var sentinel = new RedisSentinel(sentinelHosts, masterName: "mymaster");

This configures a RedisSentinel with 3 sentinel hosts looking at mymaster group. As the default port for sentinels when unspecified is 26379 and how RedisSentinel is able to auto-discover other sentinels, the minimum configuration required is with a single Sentinel host:

var sentinel = new RedisSentinel("sentinel1");

Custom Redis Connection String

The host the RedisSentinel is configured with only applies to that Sentinel Host, to use the flexibility of Redis Connection Strings to apply configuration on individual Redis Clients you need to register a custom HostFilter:

sentinel.HostFilter = host => $"{host}?db=1&RetryTimeout=5000";

An alternative to using connection strings for configuring clients is to modify default configuration on RedisConfig.

Change to use RedisManagerPool

By default RedisSentinel uses a PooledRedisClientManager, this can be changed to use the newer RedisManagerPool with:

sentinel.RedisManagerFactory = (master,replicas) => new RedisManagerPool(master);

Start monitoring Sentinels

Once configured, you can start monitoring the Redis Sentinel servers and access the pre-configured client manager with:

IRedisClientsManager redisManager = sentinel.Start();

Which as before, can be registered in your preferred IOC as a singleton instance:

container.Register<IRedisClientsManager>(c => sentinel.Start());

Configure Redis Sentinel Servers

See the redis config project for a quick way to setup up the minimal highly available Redis Sentinel configuration including start/stop scripts for instantly running multiple redis instances on a single (or multiple) Windows, OSX or Linux servers.

Redis Stats

You can use the RedisStats class for visibility and introspection into your running instances. The Redis Stats wiki lists the stats available.

Automatic Retries

To improve the resilience of client connections, RedisClient will transparently retry failed Redis operations due to Socket and I/O Exceptions in an exponential backoff starting from 10ms up until the RetryTimeout of 10000ms. These defaults can be tweaked with:

RedisConfig.DefaultRetryTimeout = 10000;
RedisConfig.BackOffMultiplier = 10;

ServiceStack.Redis SSL Support

ServiceStack.Redis supports SSL connections making it suitable for accessing remote Redis server instances over a secure SSL connection.

Specify SSL Protocol

Support for changing the Ssl Protocols used for encrypted SSL connections can be set on the connection string using the sslprotocols modifier, e.g:

var connString = $"redis://{Host}?ssl=true&sslprotocols=Tls12&password={Password.UrlEncode()}";
var redisManager = new RedisManagerPool(connString);
using var client = redisManager.GetClient();
//...

Connecting to Azure Redis

As connecting to Azure Redis Cache via SSL was the primary use-case for this feature, we've added a new Getting connected to Azure Redis via SSL to help you get started.

Redis GEO

The release of Redis 3.2.0 brings it exciting new GEO capabilities which will let you store Lat/Long coordinates in Redis and query locations within a specified radius. To demonstrate this functionality we've created a new Redis GEO Live Demo which lets you click on anywhere in the U.S. to find the list of nearest cities within a given radius, Live Demo at: https://redis.netcore.io

Generic APIs for calling Custom Redis commands

Most of the time when waiting to use a new Redis Command you'll need to wait for an updated version of ServiceStack.Redis to add support for the new commands likewise there are times when the Redis Client doesn't offer every permutation that redis-server supports.

With the new Custom and RawCommand APIs on IRedisClient and IRedisNativeClient you can now use the RedisClient to send your own custom commands that can call adhoc Redis commands:

public interface IRedisClient
{
    ...
    RedisText Custom(params object[] cmdWithArgs);
}

public interface IRedisNativeClient
{
    ...
    RedisData RawCommand(params object[] cmdWithArgs);
    RedisData RawCommand(params byte[][] cmdWithBinaryArgs);
}

These Custom APIs take a flexible object[] arguments which accepts any serializable value e.g. byte[], string, int as well as any user-defined Complex Types which are transparently serialized as JSON and send across the wire as UTF-8 bytes.

var ret = Redis.Custom("SET", "foo", 1);          // ret.Text = "OK"

byte[] cmdSet = Commands.Set;
ret = Redis.Custom(cmdSet, "bar", "b");           // ret.Text = "OK"

ret = Redis.Custom("GET", "foo");                 // ret.Text = "1"

There are also convenient extension methods on RedisData and RedisText that make it easy to access structured data, e.g:

var ret = Redis.Custom(Commands.Keys, "*");
var keys = ret.GetResults();                      // keys = ["foo", "bar"]

ret = Redis.Custom(Commands.MGet, "foo", "bar");
var values = ret.GetResults();                    // values = ["1", "b"]

Enum.GetNames(typeof(DayOfWeek)).ToList()
    .ForEach(x => Redis.Custom(Commands.RPush, "DaysOfWeek", x));
ret = Redis.Custom(Commands.LRange, "DaysOfWeek", 1, -2);
var weekDays = ret.GetResults();      

weekDays.PrintDump(); // ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"]

and some more examples using Complex Types with the Custom APIs:

var ret = Redis.Custom(Commands.Set, "foo", new Poco { Name = "Bar" }); // ret.Text = "OK"

ret = Redis.Custom(Commands.Get, "foo");          // ret.Text =  {"Name":"Bar"}
Poco dto = ret.GetResult<Poco>();

dto.Name.Print(); // Bar

This API is used in most of Redis React UI's redis.js JavaScript client library where Redis server commands are made available via the single ServiceStack Service:

public object Any(CallRedis request)
{
    var args = request.Args.ToArray();
    var response = new CallRedisResponse { Result = Redis.Custom(args) };
    return response;
}

Managed Pub/Sub Server

The Pub/Sub engine powering Redis ServerEvents and Redis MQ has been extracted and encapsulated it into a re-usable class that can be used independently for handling messages published to specific Redis Pub/Sub channels.

RedisPubSubServer processes messages in a managed background thread that automatically reconnects when the redis-server connection fails and works like an independent background Service that can be stopped and started on command.

The public API is captured in the IRedisPubSubServer interface:

public interface IRedisPubSubServer : IDisposable
{
    IRedisClientsManager ClientsManager { get; }
    // What Channels it's subscribed to
    string[] Channels { get; }

    // Run once on initial StartUp
    Action OnInit { get; set; }
    // Called each time a new Connection is Started
    Action OnStart { get; set; }
    // Invoked when Connection is broken or Stopped
    Action OnStop { get; set; }
    // Invoked after Dispose()
    Action OnDispose { get; set; }

    // Fired when each message is received
    Action<string, string> OnMessage { get; set; }
    // Fired after successfully subscribing to the specified channels
    Action<string> OnUnSubscribe { get; set; }
    // Called when an exception occurs 
    Action<Exception> OnError { get; set; }
    // Called before attempting to Failover to a new redis master
    Action<IRedisPubSubServer> OnFailover { get; set; }

    int? KeepAliveRetryAfterMs { get; set; }
    // The Current Time for RedisServer
    DateTime CurrentServerTime { get; }

    // Current Status: Starting, Started, Stopping, Stopped, Disposed
    string GetStatus();
    // Different life-cycle stats
    string GetStatsDescription();
    
    // Subscribe to specified Channels and listening for new messages
    IRedisPubSubServer Start();
    // Close active Connection and stop running background thread
    void Stop();
    // Stop than Start
    void Restart();
}

Usage

To use RedisPubSubServer, initialize it with the channels you want to subscribe to and assign handlers for each of the events you want to handle. At a minimum you'll want to handle OnMessage:

var clientsManager = new PooledRedisClientManager();
var redisPubSub = new RedisPubSubServer(clientsManager, "channel-1", "channel-2") {
        OnMessage = (channel, msg) => "Received '{0}' from '{1}'".Print(msg, channel)
    }.Start();

Calling Start() after it's initialized will get it to start listening and processing any messages published to the subscribed channels.

Lex Operations

The new ZRANGEBYLEX sorted set operations allowing you to query a sorted set lexically have been added. A good showcase for this is available on autocomplete.redis.io.

These new operations are available as a 1:1 mapping with redis-server on IRedisNativeClient:

public interface IRedisNativeClient
{
    ...
    byte[][] ZRangeByLex(string setId, string min, string max, int? skip, int? take);
    long ZLexCount(string setId, string min, string max);
    long ZRemRangeByLex(string setId, string min, string max);
}

And the more user-friendly APIs under IRedisClient:

public interface IRedisClient
{
    ...
    List<string> SearchSortedSet(string setId, string start=null, string end=null);
    long SearchSortedSetCount(string setId, string start=null, string end=null);
    long RemoveRangeFromSortedSetBySearch(string setId, string start=null, string end=null);
}

Just like NuGet version matchers, Redis uses [ char to express inclusiveness and ( char for exclusiveness. Since the IRedisClient APIs defaults to inclusive searches, these two APIs are the same:

Redis.SearchSortedSetCount("zset", "a", "c")
Redis.SearchSortedSetCount("zset", "[a", "[c")

Alternatively you can specify one or both bounds to be exclusive by using the ( prefix, e.g:

Redis.SearchSortedSetCount("zset", "a", "(c")
Redis.SearchSortedSetCount("zset", "(a", "(c")

More API examples are available in LexTests.cs.

HyperLog API

The development branch of Redis server (available when v3.0 is released) includes an ingenious algorithm to approximate the unique elements in a set with maximum space and time efficiency. For details about how it works see Redis's creator Salvatore's blog who explains it in great detail. Essentially it lets you maintain an efficient way to count and merge unique elements in a set without having to store its elements. A Simple example of it in action:

redis.AddToHyperLog("set1", "a", "b", "c");
redis.AddToHyperLog("set1", "c", "d");
var count = redis.CountHyperLog("set1"); //4

redis.AddToHyperLog("set2", "c", "d", "e", "f");

redis.MergeHyperLogs("mergedset", "set1", "set2");

var mergeCount = redis.CountHyperLog("mergedset"); //6

Scan APIs

Redis v2.8 introduced a beautiful new SCAN operation that provides an optimal strategy for traversing a redis instance entire keyset in managable-size chunks utilizing only a client-side cursor and without introducing any server state. It's a higher performance alternative and should be used instead of KEYS in application code. SCAN and its related operations for traversing members of Sets, Sorted Sets and Hashes are now available in the Redis Client in the following APIs:

public interface IRedisClient
{
    ...
    IEnumerable<string> ScanAllKeys(string pattern = null, int pageSize = 1000);
    IEnumerable<string> ScanAllSetItems(string setId, string pattern = null, int pageSize = 1000);
    IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, double>> ScanAllSortedSetItems(string setId, string pattern = null, int pageSize = 1000);
    IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ScanAllHashEntries(string hashId, string pattern = null, int pageSize = 1000);    
}

public interface IRedisClientAsync
{
    IAsyncEnumerable<string> ScanAllKeysAsync(string pattern = null, int pageSize, CancellationToken ct);
    IAsyncEnumerable<string> ScanAllSetItemsAsync(string setId, string pattern = null, int pageSize, CancellationToken ct);
    IAsyncEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, double>> ScanAllSortedSetItemsAsync(string setId, string pattern = null, int pageSize, ct);
    IAsyncEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ScanAllHashEntriesAsync(string hashId, string pattern = null, int pageSize, ct);
}

//Low-level API
public interface IRedisNativeClient
{
    ...
    ScanResult Scan(ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null);
    ScanResult SScan(string setId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null);
    ScanResult ZScan(string setId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null);
    ScanResult HScan(string hashId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null);
}

public interface IRedisNativeClientAsync 
{
    ValueTask<ScanResult> ScanAsync(ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null, CancellationToken ct);
    ValueTask<ScanResult> SScanAsync(string setId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null, CancellationToken ct);
    ValueTask<ScanResult> ZScanAsync(string setId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null, CancellationToken ct);
    ValueTask<ScanResult> HScanAsync(string hashId, ulong cursor, int count = 10, string match = null, CancellationToken ct);
}

The IRedisClient provides a higher-level API that abstracts away the client cursor to expose a lazy Enumerable sequence to provide an optimal way to stream scanned results that integrates nicely with LINQ, e.g:

var scanUsers = Redis.ScanAllKeys("urn:User:*");
var sampleUsers = scanUsers.Take(10000).ToList(); //Stop after retrieving 10000 user keys

Efficient SCAN in LUA

The C# API below returns the first 10 results matching the key:* pattern:

var keys = Redis.ScanAllKeys(pattern: "key:*", pageSize: 10)
    .Take(10).ToList();

However the C# Streaming API above requires an unknown number of Redis Operations (bounded to the number of keys in Redis) to complete the request. The number of SCAN calls can be reduced by choosing a higher pageSize to tell Redis to scan more keys each time the SCAN operation is called.

As the number of API calls has the potential to result in a large number of Redis Operations, it can end up yielding an unacceptable delay due to the latency of multiple dependent remote network calls. An easy solution is to instead have the multiple SCAN calls performed in-process on the Redis Server, eliminating the network latency of multiple SCAN calls, e.g:

const string FastScanScript = @"
local limit = tonumber(ARGV[2])
local pattern = ARGV[1]
local cursor = 0
local len = 0
local results = {}
repeat
    local r = redis.call('scan', cursor, 'MATCH', pattern, 'COUNT', limit)
    cursor = tonumber(r[1])
    for k,v in ipairs(r[2]) do
        table.insert(results, v)
        len = len + 1
        if len == limit then break end
    end
until cursor == 0 or len == limit
return results";

RedisText r = redis.ExecLua(FastScanScript, "key:*", "10");
r.Children.Count.Print() //= 10

The ExecLua API returns this complex LUA table response in the Children collection of the RedisText Response.

Alternative Complex API Response

Another way to return complex data structures in a LUA operation is to serialize the result as JSON

return cjson.encode(results)

Which you can access as raw JSON by parsing the response as a String with:

string json = redis.ExecLuaAsString(FastScanScript, "key:*", "10");

This is also the approach used in Redis React's RedisServices.

ExecCachedLua

ExecCachedLua is a convenient high-level API that eliminates the bookkeeping required for executing high-performance server LUA Scripts which suffers from many of the problems that RDBMS stored procedures have which depends on pre-existing state in the RDBMS that needs to be updated with the latest version of the Stored Procedure.

With Redis LUA you either have the option to send, parse, load then execute the entire LUA script each time it's called or alternatively you could pre-load the LUA Script into Redis once on StartUp and then execute it using the Script's SHA1 hash. The issue with this is that if the Redis server is accidentally flushed you're left with a broken application relying on a pre-existing script that's no longer there. The new ExecCachedLua API provides the best of both worlds where it will always execute the compiled SHA1 script, saving bandwidth and CPU but will also re-create the LUA Script if it no longer exists.

You can instead execute the compiled LUA script above by its SHA1 identifier, which continues to work regardless if it never existed or was removed at runtime, e.g:

// #1: Loads LUA script and caches SHA1 hash in Redis Client
r = redis.ExecCachedLua(FastScanScript, sha1 =>
    redis.ExecLuaSha(sha1, "key:*", "10"));

// #2: Executes using cached SHA1 hash
r = redis.ExecCachedLua(FastScanScript, sha1 =>
    redis.ExecLuaSha(sha1, "key:*", "10"));

// Deletes all existing compiled LUA scripts 
redis.ScriptFlush();

// #3: Executes using cached SHA1 hash, gets NOSCRIPT Error, 
//     re-creates then re-executes the LUA script using its SHA1 hash
r = redis.ExecCachedLua(FastScanScript, sha1 =>
    redis.ExecLuaSha(sha1, "key:*", "10"));

IRedisClient LUA APIs

The IRedisClient APIs for redis server-side LUA support have been re-factored into the more user-friendly APIs below:

public interface IRedisClient 
{
    //Eval/Lua operations 
    T ExecCachedLua<T>(string scriptBody, Func<string, T> scriptSha1);

    RedisText ExecLua(string body, params string[] args);
    RedisText ExecLua(string luaBody, string[] keys, string[] args);
    RedisText ExecLuaSha(string sha1, params string[] args);
    RedisText ExecLuaSha(string sha1, string[] keys, string[] args);

    string ExecLuaAsString(string luaBody, params string[] args);
    string ExecLuaAsString(string luaBody, string[] keys, string[] args);
    string ExecLuaShaAsString(string sha1, params string[] args);
    string ExecLuaShaAsString(string sha1, string[] keys, string[] args);
    
    int ExecLuaAsInt(string luaBody, params string[] args);
    int ExecLuaAsInt(string luaBody, string[] keys, string[] args);
    int ExecLuaShaAsInt(string sha1, params string[] args);
    int ExecLuaShaAsInt(string sha1, string[] keys, string[] args);

    List<string> ExecLuaAsList(string luaBody, params string[] args);
    List<string> ExecLuaAsList(string luaBody, string[] keys, string[] args);
    List<string> ExecLuaShaAsList(string sha1, params string[] args);
    List<string> ExecLuaShaAsList(string sha1, string[] keys, string[] args);

    string CalculateSha1(string luaBody);
    
    bool HasLuaScript(string sha1Ref);
    Dictionary<string, bool> WhichLuaScriptsExists(params string[] sha1Refs);
    void RemoveAllLuaScripts();
    void KillRunningLuaScript();
    string LoadLuaScript(string body);
}

Usage Examples

Here's how you can implement a ZPOP in Lua to remove the items with the lowest rank from a sorted set:

var luaBody = @"
    local val = redis.call('zrange', KEYS[1], 0, ARGV[1]-1)
    if val then redis.call('zremrangebyrank', KEYS[1], 0, ARGV[1]-1) end
    return val";

var i = 0;
var alphabet = 26.Times(c => ((char)('A' + c)).ToString());
alphabet.ForEach(x => Redis.AddItemToSortedSet("zalphabet", x, i++));

//Remove the letters with the lowest rank from the sorted set 'zalphabet'
var letters = Redis.ExecLuaAsList(luaBody, keys: new[] { "zalphabet" }, args: new[] { "3" });
letters.PrintDump(); //[A, B, C]

And how to implement ZREVPOP to remove items with the highest rank from a sorted set:

var luaBody = @"
    local val = redis.call('zrange', KEYS[1], -ARGV[1], -1)
    if val then redis.call('zremrangebyrank', KEYS[1], -ARGV[1], -1) end
    return val";

var i = 0;
var alphabet = 26.Times(c => ((char)('A' + c)).ToString());
alphabet.ForEach(x => Redis.AddItemToSortedSet("zalphabet", x, i++));

//Remove the letters with the highest rank from the sorted set 'zalphabet'
List<string> letters = Redis.ExecLuaAsList(luaBody, 
    keys: new[] { "zalphabet" }, args: new[] { "3" });

letters.PrintDump(); //[X, Y, Z]

Other examples

Returning an int:

int intVal = Redis.ExecLuaAsInt("return 123"); //123
int intVal = Redis.ExecLuaAsInt("return ARGV[1] + ARGV[2]", "10", "20"); //30

Returning an string:

//Hello, Redis Lua!
var strVal = Redis.ExecLuaAsString(@"return 'Hello, ' .. ARGV[1] .. '!'", "Redis Lua");

Returning a List of strings:

Enum.GetNames(typeof(DayOfWeek)).ToList()
    .ForEach(x => Redis.AddItemToList("DaysOfWeek", x));

var daysOfWeek = Redis.ExecLuaAsList("return redis.call('LRANGE', 'DaysOfWeek', 0, -1)");
daysOfWeek.PrintDump(); //[Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, ...]

More examples can be found in the Redis Eval Lua tests

Debugging Data Corruption Issues

An issue that can be hard to debug is if the same RedisClient instance is shared across multiple threads which can result in returning corrupted data. Typically this is a result of using IRedisClient field in a singleton instance or sharing it as a static instance. To prevent this, each Thread that uses Redis should retrieve the redis client within a using statement, e.g:

using var redis = redisManager.GetClient();
//...

Unfortunately the call-site which returns the corrupted response or runtime Exception doesn't identify where else the Redis client instance was being used. To help identify where client instances are being used you can assert that the client is only used in the Thread that resolved it from the pool with:

RedisConfig.AssertAccessOnlyOnSameThread = true;

This captures the Thread's StackTrace each time the client is resolved from the pool which as it adds a lot of overhead, should only be enabled when debugging connection issues.

If it does detect the client is being accessed from a different thread it will throw a InvalidAccessException with the message containing the different Thread Ids and the original StackTrace where the client was resolved from the pool. You can compare this with the StackTrace of the Exception to hopefully identify where the client is being improperly used.

Avoiding Concurrent Usage issues

What to look out for in your code-base to prevent against multiple concurrent usage of a IRedisClient instance:

Use IRedisClient redis instance client within a using statement
Never use a client instance after it has been disposed
Never use (or return) a "server collection or resource" (e.g. Redis.Lists, lock) after the client has been disposed
Never keep a Singleton or static instance to a redis client (just the IRedisClientsManager factory)
Never use the same redis client in multiple threads, i.e. have each thread resolve their own client from the factory

Copying

Since September 2013, ServiceStack source code is available under GNU Affero General Public License/FOSS License Exception, see license.txt in the source. Alternative commercial licensing is also available, see https://servicestack.net/pricing for details.

Docs and Downloads for older v3 BSD releases

Contributing

Contributors need to approve the Contributor License Agreement before any code will be reviewed, see the Contributing wiki for more details.

Redis Server builds for Windows

Redis Virtual Machines

Run Redis in a Vagrant virtual machine

Getting Started with the C# Redis client

###C# Redis Client wiki Contains all the examples, tutorials and resources you need to get you up to speed with common operations and the latest features.

Useful Links on Redis server

Specific Examples

Simple example using Redis Lists

Below is a simple example to give you a flavour of how easy it is to use some of Redis's advanced data structures - in this case Redis Lists: Full source code of this example is viewable online

using var redisClient = new RedisClient();
//Create a 'strongly-typed' API that makes all Redis Value operations to apply against Shippers
IRedisTypedClient<Shipper> redis = redisClient.As<Shipper>();

//Redis lists implement IList<T> while Redis sets implement ICollection<T>
var currentShippers = redis.Lists["urn:shippers:current"];
var prospectiveShippers = redis.Lists["urn:shippers:prospective"];

currentShippers.Add(
    new Shipper {
        Id = redis.GetNextSequence(),
        CompanyName = "Trains R Us",
        DateCreated = DateTime.UtcNow,
        ShipperType = ShipperType.Trains,
        UniqueRef = Guid.NewGuid()
    });

currentShippers.Add(
    new Shipper {
        Id = redis.GetNextSequence(),
        CompanyName = "Planes R Us",
        DateCreated = DateTime.UtcNow,
        ShipperType = ShipperType.Planes,
        UniqueRef = Guid.NewGuid()
    });

var lameShipper = new Shipper {
    Id = redis.GetNextSequence(),
    CompanyName = "We do everything!",
    DateCreated = DateTime.UtcNow,
    ShipperType = ShipperType.All,
    UniqueRef = Guid.NewGuid()
};

currentShippers.Add(lameShipper);

Dump("ADDED 3 SHIPPERS:", currentShippers);

currentShippers.Remove(lameShipper);

Dump("REMOVED 1:", currentShippers);

prospectiveShippers.Add(
    new Shipper {
        Id = redis.GetNextSequence(),
        CompanyName = "Trucks R Us",
        DateCreated = DateTime.UtcNow,
        ShipperType = ShipperType.Automobiles,
        UniqueRef = Guid.NewGuid()
    });

Dump("ADDED A PROSPECTIVE SHIPPER:", prospectiveShippers);

redis.PopAndPushBetweenLists(prospectiveShippers, currentShippers);

Dump("CURRENT SHIPPERS AFTER POP n' PUSH:", currentShippers);
Dump("PROSPECTIVE SHIPPERS AFTER POP n' PUSH:", prospectiveShippers);

var poppedShipper = redis.PopFromList(currentShippers);
Dump("POPPED a SHIPPER:", poppedShipper);
Dump("CURRENT SHIPPERS AFTER POP:", currentShippers);

//reset sequence and delete all lists
redis.SetSequence(0);
redis.Remove(currentShippers, prospectiveShippers);
Dump("DELETING CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE SHIPPERS:", currentShippers);

== EXAMPLE OUTPUT ==

ADDED 3 SHIPPERS:
Id:1,CompanyName:Trains R Us,ShipperType:Trains,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.7169323Z,UniqueRef:d17c5db0415b44b2ac5da7b6ebd780f5
Id:2,CompanyName:Planes R Us,ShipperType:Planes,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.799937Z,UniqueRef:e02a73191f4b4e7a9c44eef5b5965d06
Id:3,CompanyName:We do everything!,ShipperType:All,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.8009371Z,UniqueRef:d0c249bbbaf84da39fc4afde1b34e332

REMOVED 1:
Id:1,CompanyName:Trains R Us,ShipperType:Trains,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.7169323Z,UniqueRef:d17c5db0415b44b2ac5da7b6ebd780f5
Id:2,CompanyName:Planes R Us,ShipperType:Planes,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.799937Z,UniqueRef:e02a73191f4b4e7a9c44eef5b5965d06

ADDED A PROSPECTIVE SHIPPER:
Id:4,CompanyName:Trucks R Us,ShipperType:Automobiles,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.8539401Z,UniqueRef:67d7d4947ebc4b0ba5c4d42f5d903bec

CURRENT SHIPPERS AFTER POP n' PUSH:
Id:4,CompanyName:Trucks R Us,ShipperType:Automobiles,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.8539401Z,UniqueRef:67d7d4947ebc4b0ba5c4d42f5d903bec
Id:1,CompanyName:Trains R Us,ShipperType:Trains,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.7169323Z,UniqueRef:d17c5db0415b44b2ac5da7b6ebd780f5
Id:2,CompanyName:Planes R Us,ShipperType:Planes,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.799937Z,UniqueRef:e02a73191f4b4e7a9c44eef5b5965d06

PROSPECTIVE SHIPPERS AFTER POP n' PUSH:

POPPED a SHIPPER:
Id:2,CompanyName:Planes R Us,ShipperType:Planes,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.799937Z,UniqueRef:e02a73191f4b4e7a9c44eef5b5965d06

CURRENT SHIPPERS AFTER POP:
Id:4,CompanyName:Trucks R Us,ShipperType:Automobiles,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.8539401Z,UniqueRef:67d7d4947ebc4b0ba5c4d42f5d903bec
Id:1,CompanyName:Trains R Us,ShipperType:Trains,DateCreated:2010-01-31T11:53:37.7169323Z,UniqueRef:d17c5db0415b44b2ac5da7b6ebd780f5

DELETING CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE SHIPPERS:

More examples are available in the [RedisExamples Redis examples page] and in the comprehensive test suite

Speed

One of the best things about Redis is the speed - it is quick.

This example below stores and gets the entire Northwind database (3202 records) in less 1.2 secs - we've never had it so quick!

(Running inside a VS.NET/R# unit test on a 3 year old iMac)

using var client = new RedisClient();

var before = DateTime.Now;
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Categories);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Customers);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Employees);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Shippers);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Orders);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Products);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.OrderDetails);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.CustomerCustomerDemos);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Regions);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.Territories);
client.StoreAll(NorthwindData.EmployeeTerritories);

Console.WriteLine("Took {0}ms to store the entire Northwind database ({1} records)",
    (DateTime.Now - before).TotalMilliseconds, totalRecords);

before = DateTime.Now;
var categories = client.GetAll<Category>();
var customers = client.GetAll<Customer>();
var employees = client.GetAll<Employee>();
var shippers = client.GetAll<Shipper>();
var orders = client.GetAll<Order>();
var products = client.GetAll<Product>();
var orderDetails = client.GetAll<OrderDetail>();
var customerCustomerDemos = client.GetAll<CustomerCustomerDemo>();
var regions = client.GetAll<Region>();
var territories = client.GetAll<Territory>();
var employeeTerritories = client.GetAll<EmployeeTerritory>();

Console.WriteLine("Took {0}ms to get the entire Northwind database ({1} records)",
    (DateTime.Now - before).TotalMilliseconds, totalRecords);
/*
== EXAMPLE OUTPUT ==

Took 1020.0583ms to store the entire Northwind database (3202 records)
Took 132.0076ms to get the entire Northwind database (3202 records)
*/

Note: The total time taken includes an extra Redis operation for each record to store the id in a Redis set for each type as well as serializing and de-serializing each record using Service Stack's TypeSerializer.

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