DeepSperm

Paper

DeepSperm Paper can be downloaded for FREE (open access) at this link : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016926072100376X

Result

In our experiment, we achieve 94.11 mAP on the test dataset, F1-score of 0.93, and a processing speed of 51.9 fps. In comparison with YOLOv4, our proposed method is 2.18 x faster on testing, and 2.9 x faster on training with a small dataset, while achieving comparative detection accuracy. The weights file size was also reduced significantly, with one-twentieth that of YOLOv4. Moreover, it requires a 1.07 x less graphical processing unit (GPU) memory than YOLOv4.

Method

In the proposed architecture, we use only one detection layer, which is specific for small object detection. For handling overfitting and increasing accuracy, we set a higher input network resolution, use a dropout layer, and perform data augmentation on saturation and exposure. Several hyper-parameters are tuned to achieve better performance. Mean average precision (mAP), confusion matrix, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to measure accuracy. Frame per second (fps) is used to measure speed. We compare our proposed method with you only look once (YOLO) v3 and YOLOv4.

Training

Download pretrained weights

Download pretrained weights "darknet53.conv.74" file and place it in the backup.
Link to download: https://pjreddie.com/media/files/darknet53.conv.74

Training Command

For example:

./darknet detector train data/spermRand_CMPBrev2_3_601050.data cfg/deepSperm640-RAJA-Alexey-DOawalCut2NewAug_CMPBrev2_3_601050.cfg backup/darknet53.conv.74 -map

Testing

Test on test image

./darknet detector test data/spermRand_CMPBrev2_3_601050.data cfg/deepSperm640-RAJA-Alexey-DOawalCut2NewAug_CMPBrev2_3_601050.cfg backup/deepSperm640-RAJA-Alexey-DOawalCut2NewAug_CMPBrev2_3_601050_800.weights data/Dataset_802020/40_45test.png -thresh 0.05

Test on video

The GIF files are limited to 25fps. They are for illustration purposes only. The real result achieves 51.9 average fps (2x faster than the GIF).

Download video "40-45.avi" file and place it in the data folder.
Link to download: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NgKLW2GZc-IEkLYJT0W704bpSOsUXMFv/view?usp=sharing

./darknet detector demo data/spermRand_CMPBrev2_3_601050.data cfg/deepSperm640-RAJA-Alexey-DOawalCut2NewAug_CMPBrev2_3_601050.cfg backup/deepSperm640-RAJA-Alexey-DOawalCut2NewAug_CMPBrev2_3_601050_800.weights data/40-45.avi -thresh 0.05

How to measure accuracy (mAP)