KubeOps Linux CheatSheet
This is Day to Day Work Linux Cheatsheet for Software Engineers.
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Directory Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Change Directory | cd /<directory_path> |
| Change Directory to Previous | cd .. |
| Create Directory | mkdir <directory_name> |
| Create Directory with Parent | mkdir -p <parent_directory_name>/<directory_name> |
| Remove Directory | rm -r <directory_name> |
| Remove Directory without prompt | rm -rf <directory_name> |
| Remove empty Directory | rmdir <directory_name> |
| Copy Directory | cp -r <directory_name> <destination_path> |
| Move Directory | mv <directory_name> <destination_path> |
Search Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Search files in a directory | find <directory_name> -name <file_name_pattern> |
| Search files in a directory with case-insensitive | find <directory_name> -iname <file_name_pattern> |
| Search files in a directory and execute command on it | find <directory_name> -name <file_name_pattern> -exec <command> |
| Search text in file | grep <text> <file_name> |
| Search text in file with line numbers | grep -n <text> <file_name> |
| Search text in file with case-insensitive | grep -i <text> <file_name> |
| Search text in file for all patterns given | grep -e <text> <file_name> |
| Search multiple text with case-insensitive and all pattern given | grep -ie <text1> <file_name> -ie <text2> <file_name> -ie <text3> <file_name> -ie <textn> <file_name> |
| Search file for any lines that don't include the content | grep -v '<content_pattern>' <file_name> |
Pipes
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Send stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 | cmd1 | cmd2 |
| Send stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 | cmd1 |& cmd2 |
File Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Show content of the file | cat <file_name> |
| Create a file with content | cat <<EOF > <file_name>#!/bin/bash <content>EOF |
| Create an empty file | touch <file_name> |
| Remove file | rm <file_name> |
| Remove file without prompt | rm -f <file_name> |
| Copy file | cp <file_name> <destination_path> |
| Move file | mv <file_name> <destination_path> |
| Show first n lines of file | head -n <file_name> |
| Show last n lines of file | tail -n <file_name> |
| Keep showing last 10 lines of file | tail -f <file_name> |
| Show total line in a file | cat <file_name> | wc -l |
| List files in current directory | ls |
| List files, hidden files in current directory | ls -a |
| List files in current directory with their permissions and sizes | ls -l |
| List files in current directory with their permissions, sizes, units | ls -lh |
| Paginate the content of file | cat <file_name> | less |
| Create symbolic link to source file in current directory | ln -s <file_name> |
| Create symbolic link to source file in directory | ln -s <file_name> |
| Extract .tar.gz file | tar -zxvf <file_name> |
| See the differences between files | diff <file_a> <file_b> |
File Permissions Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Change file permission with permission number | chmod 755 <file_name> |
| Change directory permission with permission number | chmod -R 755 <directory_name> |
| Change directory permission with letters | chmod -R u+rw,g+r,o+x <directory_name> |
| Change file owner | chown <file_name> |
| Change file owner with user's login group | chown : <file_name> |
| Change directory and its content owner recursively | chown -R <directory_name> |
File Permissions Numbers
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| 4 | read (r) |
| 2 | write (w) |
| 1 | execute (x) |
Process Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Shows processes for the current shell | ps |
| View all the running processes | ps -A or ps -e |
| View all processes associated with the terminal | ps -a |
| View all processes associated with the terminal and show user | ps -aux |
| Kill specific process id | kill -SIGTERM <process_id> ... |
| Lists signal | kill -l |
| Kill all processes with specifies name | pkill <process_name> |
| Kill all processes with case-insensitive | pkill -i <process_name> |
| Kill specific running command | pkill -f <running_command_pattern> |
| Kill all processes with specific signal | pkill --signal <signal> <process_name> |
| Show dynamic real-time processes list of specific user | top -u <user> |
Vi/Vim Command Shortcuts
To understand Vim well, we need to understand Vim editing modes. Vim has 6 basic modes which are:
| Name | Description | Help page |
|---|---|---|
| normal | For navigation and manipulation of text. This is the default mode. | :help Normal-mode |
| insert | For inserting new text. | :help Insert-mode |
| visual | For manipulation of text selection. | :help Visual-mode |
| select | Similar to a visual mode, but with a more MS Windows-like behavior. | :help Select-mode |
| command-line | For entering editor commands - like the help commands (:help), quit (:q) | :help Command-line-mode |
| Ex-mode | Similar to a command-line mode but optimized for batch processing. | :help Ex-mode |
| Name | Command | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Edit a file | vi <file_name> |  |
| Enter an insert mode to insert new text | i |  |
| Insert a blank line under the current line and switch to an insert mode | o |  |
| Switch to an insert mode and move a cursor to the end of line (Append) | A |  |
| Copy the current line | yy |  |
| Paste copied text after the current cursor position | p | |
| Delete the current line and switch to an insert mode (Change a line) | cc |  |
| Delete the current line and stay in an normal mode | dd |  |
| Delete from the current cursor position to the end of a word | dw |  |
| Delete before the current cursor position to the beginning of a word | db |  |
| Delete a character at the current cursor position and stay in a normal mode | x |  |
| Delete and switch to an insert mode from the current cursor postion to the end of line | C |  |
| Delete a character and switch to an insert mode (Substitute a character) | s |  |
| Move the cursor left | h |  |
| Move the cursor down | j |  |
| Move the cursor up | k |  |
| Move the cursor right | l |  |
| Go to the begining of the first line | gg |  |
| Go to the begining of the last line | G |  |
| Go to a line number | <row_number> + gg |
 |
| Go to a column number | <column_number> + \ |
 |
| Search keyword | / <keyword> |
 |
| Search keyword with case-insensitive | /<keyword>\c |
 |
| Move to the next found keyword after searching | n |  |
| Move to the previous found keyword after searching (invert of n) | N |  |
| Visual selection a character at the current cursor position | v |  |
| Visual selection the current line | V |  |
| Tab right | shift + . |  |
| Tab left | shift + , |  |
| Repeat a last change | . |  |
| Undo change | u |  |
| Redo change | ctrl + r |  |
| Save and quit | :wq |  |
| Quit (The most important Vi/Vim command) | :q |  |
Bash Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Show System | uname -a |
| Show Mounted File System | mount |
| Show System Date | date |
| Show Uptime | uptime |
| Show username | whoami |
| Show Manual Command | man <command> |
| Show History Command | history |
Bash Shortcuts
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Stop Current Command | CTRL + c |
| Sleep Program | CTRL + z |
| Search History | CTRL + r |
| Repeat Last Command | !! |
| Run the most recent command that matches with starting character(s) of string | !<string> |
Bash Variables
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Show Environment Variables | env |
| Show Value of Variable | echo $<VariableName> |
| Set Value of Variable | export $<VariableName> = <value> |
| Show Executable Search Path | $PATH |
| Show Home Directory | $HOME |
| Show Current Shell | $SHELL |
Multiple Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Run command1 then command2 | <command1> ; <command2> |
| Run command2 if command1 is successful | <command1> && <command2> |
| Run command2 if command1 is not successful | <command1> || <command2> |
Network Commands
| Name | Command |
|---|---|
| Display all network interfaces and IP addresses | ifconfig -a |
| Send echo requests to the target host to verify connectivity | ping <host> |
| Get who is information for domain | whois <domain> |
| Get DNS information for domain | dig <domain> |
| Reverse lookup host | dig -x <host> |
| Display name of server | hostname |
| Download file | wget <file> |
| Listing all listening connections ports | netstat -a |
References
An A-Z Index of Linux command line: Link