BoringBoredom / Pc Optimization Hub
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Table of contents
- Importance of low input lag
- Disclaimer
- Physical setup
- Peripherals
- BIOS
- Hardware clocking
- Windows
- Tools & resources
Importance of low input lag
- "While participants performed dragging and scribbling tasks, very low levels of latency could be discriminated, i.e., ~1 versus 2 milliseconds while dragging".
- Visual demonstration of 1 vs 10 milliseconds
- "The average difference in aiming task completion (the time it takes to acquire and shoot a target) between a 12ms and 20ms PCs was measured to be 182ms - that is about 22 times the system latency difference."
- "In all studies, the trend shows continued improvements all the way toward zero latency."
- Summary in form of an infographic
Disclaimer
- Due to the sheer complexity of hardware and software and differences between various architectures, your mileage may vary. However, it is useful to be aware of things that can impact user experience and adjust them according to your needs.
- Create a personal document and keep track of everything you do. Adopt a systematic approach with proper testing methodologies instead of just blindly changing many settings at once. Some settings are trade-offs between latency and frametime consistency / graphics quality. Some settings may not show a visible impact at first due to other bottlenecks.
Physical setup
- Electromagnetic interference and issues with electricity (e.g. ground loops) can cause unintended behavior of electronic components, potentially increasing input lag. Here are some resources (1 2) and a summary of the potential impact of EMI.
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"EMC tests were developed to make them easier to perform, provide better repeatability from one lab to another, and reduce testing costs. But even though the EUT may pass its EMC tests, it still may fail when it's put into service. Laboratory tests performed in accordance with the standards are not adequate to guarantee that an EMC failure will not occur during actual operation because the tests do not represent the operational EME."
Here are some examples: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 - Make sure your outlets are properly grounded.
- If you don't have enough outlets, buy a proper power strip ( < power conditioner < voltage regulator) and connect all devices directly to it. Only connect your hardware (no phone chargers etc.).
- Disconnect all things you don't use from your motherboard to minimize risk of coupling. E.g. front USB, front audio, (RGB) LEDs, hard drive activity LED, system power LED, reset button etc.
- Move all devices that have electromagnetic fields away from your PC and peripherals. E.g. router, power strip/conditioner, voltage regulator etc.
"A typical PC can be upset with an electric field strength of 48 V/m, whereas an unshielded PC board requires about 9 V/m." - Make sure there is enough space between your cables (1 2 3 4 5) and untangle them. This applies to everything, including power and peripheral cables.
- Check the USB layout of your system with USB Device Tree Viewer. Connect your mouse (or primary input device) to the first port of the first controller (usually this port).
- If your motherboard has multiple USB controllers, offload your other devices to them. Lower their polling rate to an acceptable level. E.g. your microphone doesn't need 1000 Hz
- Test both HDMI and DP on each GPU port (don't Plug & Play these).
- Keep your PC clean. Clogged heatsinks and dust filters will reduce airflow and consequently heat dissipation. Furthermore, "dust may cause electrical leakage, shorting and opening of PCBs under different conditions".
Peripherals
- Turn off (RGB) LEDs since USB current output is very limited (USB 2: 0.5 A, USB 3: 0.9 A). Moreover, "running an RGB effect/animation can take a great toll on the MCU. It requires a lot of processing power and will delay other processes."
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Mouse
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Wired vs. Wireless
- The convenience of cordless mice is very appealing. However, there are significant drawbacks. Nowadays, 2.4 GHz is everywhere, causing a lot of interference. Additionally, aggressive power saving mechanisms are implemented to increase battery life, affecting both sensor (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) and click latency.
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DPI
- Depending on your preferred cm/360°, mousepad and FOV in games, you may want to experiment with different DPI. Higher DPI reduces latency (1 2) and improves motion clarity. Most modern sensors are able to handle around 1600 DPI without sensor smoothing. To counteract the increased sensitivity on the Desktop and in game menus you can adjust the Windows sensitivity.
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Polling rate
- Higher polling rate reduces latency and improves motion clarity (1 2).
- How to use 8 kHz mice on Windows 7
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Monitor
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Capped FPS vs. VRR vs. uncapped FPS
- There are a lot of variables involved: GPU utilization, sustained frame rate, type of frame rate limiter (some limiters have large deviation), OS (Windows 7 only supports FreeSync), monitor's refresh rate, NVIDIA Reflex (only supported by NVIDIA GPUs in a few games at the moment) etc.
- Input lag increases as GPU utilization increases (1 2).
- Adaptive Sync/VRR (G-Sync/FreeSync) increases input lag.
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Frame mistiming causes severe stutters. To prevent this phenomenon you can either use VRR or cap your FPS at various values depending on your monitor's refresh rate. Consider your 1% and 0.1% Lows when choosing a value. There are two formulae (X = monitor's refresh rate, Y = any integer):
- X * Y
- X / Y if X %Y = 0
- FPS Cap Calculator
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BIOS
- Generally, follow the principle of "Don't use it? Disable it." E.g. disable all power saving features, unused network/audio/SATA controllers, unused USB/PCI/DIMM/SATA ports, (RGB) LEDs that can't physically be disconnected etc.
- How to change hidden settings without flashing a modded BIOS
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Optimization guides
Hardware clocking
- I called this category clocking rather than overclocking because in the end all you do is run your components at their safe capabilities (which may not always be overclocking due to temperature, for example).
- A stable system should be able to run anything indefinitely. A single error is one too many.
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Temperature
- "Charge leakage rate of DRAM cells approximately doubles for every 10°C increase in the temperature".
- "The load has increased the main board temperature by 5 deg. (centigrade scale) only, but the influence to the measured performance counter frequency is quite considerable."
- "According to a report on reliability prediction of electronic equipment prepared by the U.S. Department of Defense, the failure factor, which is relative failure rate at any temperature over failure rate at 75 °C, increases exponentially with increasing the device temperature as demonstrated in Fig. 3. Pedram and Nazarian also reported that more than 50% of all integrated circuit (IC) failures are related to thermal issues. Thus a rule of thumb is that the failure rate of electronic components can be halved for each 10 °C reduction in their junction temperature and the cooler the devices operate, the more reliable they are."
- "The operating leakage current of an aluminium electrolytic capacitor with non-solid electrolyte is extremely dependent on the temperature and voltage."
- Conclusion: Maintaining near ambient temperature of components is desirable.
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Controlling temperature
- Manually set voltages and clocks of all components.
- Use zip-ties to extend fans over VRMs, RAM and PCH. Avoid CPU air coolers due to incompatibility with dedicated VRM and RAM cooling.
- Liquid cool all components (expensive).
-
Intel Lake platform (6000-10000 series)
- Voltages
- Beware of degradation by high voltage, temperature and current. Personally, I think the voltages and temperature mentioned in the previous video are too high.
- Core, Uncore and RAM affect each other's stability. Since the effectiveness of CPU stress testing is much lower with stock RAM, I suggest adjusting RAM first and eventually revisiting it to verify it didn't destabilize.
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RAM (Intel & AMD)
- Importance of memory clocking
- Stress test overnight to maximize long-term stability. Retest with a variety of programs since "data pattern dependence exists. Coverage varies significantly between data patterns in each of the device families shown, indicating that the retention time of many DRAM cells depends on the data stored in other cells."
- Integralfx's DDR4 guide
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CPU (Intel)
- Adjust VCORE, LLC and VRM switching frequency. Start with low voltage and frequency to guarantee not exceeding your temperature limit. Personally, I would aim for <60°C.
- Stress test with Linpack Xtreme for a few minutes. Residuals should always match. This is fine. This is not fine.
- Continue raising both All Core and Uncore by 100 MHz and do quick stress tests. Eventually, you will encounter either instability or temperature above your limit.
- If the temperature is too high, you can try lowering VCORE (P = I * V).
- If you encounter instability, lower All Core and Uncore by 100 MHz and continue raising All Core from now on.
- Ultimately, stress test overnight to maximize long-term stability.
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GPU (NVIDIA)
Windows
- I highly recommend setting up a multi-boot environment to separate the gaming and the "can-be-bloated" operating system. Keeping your programs and files on a different partition (separate from operating system partitions) is also convenient due to all operating systems having shared access to everything and the ease of reinstalling either of them without having to back up your data.
- As usual, disable everything you don't explicitely need and avoid installing unnecessary and bloated drivers (included in e.g. Realtek audio, gaming peripheral software).
- The Task Manager is a very inaccurate representation of system load since it only displays Core usage on a very superficial level. It doesn't account for things like context switching which can be very expensive. I recommend using Process Explorer with modified settings and Autoruns as alternative to the Startup section instead.
- NVIDIA Profile Inspector exposes a lot of settings that are hidden from the control panel.
- Whenever possible, use portable versions of programs. Sometimes installers come with background services/drivers which may run even if the program is not running.
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Optimization guides
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ISO creation
- USB and storage drivers (mostly relevant for W7) & driver integration guide
- Rufus
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ISO sources
- Always check legitimacy of ISO by comparing hashes -> Heidoc's hash archive
- Heidoc
- Techbench
- The Eye
- DigitalRiver (W7 only)
- KichHoatBanQuyen's list
- Unknown list
Tools & resources
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Mouse
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Mousepad
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Keyboard
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Monitor
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Reviews
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Tools
- Blur Busters' utilities
- ApertureGrille's utilities
- EIZO monitor test
- Custom Resolution Utility
- piLagTester (input lag and response time tester)
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PSU
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CPU
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Information
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Tools
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Stress testing programs
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RAM
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Information
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Tools
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Stress testing programs
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GPU
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Information
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Tools
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Stress testing programs
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Motherboard
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Storage
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Reviews
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Profiling / Monitoring / Benchmarking
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Tools
- WinDirStat (disk usage analyzer)
- Total Commander (file manager)
- Ventoy (multi-boot USB drive)
- Rufus (ISO mounting)
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BIOS
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Windows
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Information
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Profiling / Monitoring / Benchmarking
- HWInfo & LogViewer (hardware analysis, monitoring and reporting)
- OCAT & CapFrameX (frametime capture and analysis)
- Windows Performance Toolkit (Windows 7)
- Process Monitor
- API Monitor
- Intel VTune Profiler
- Mouse Tester
- Latencymon
- Liblava
- PC Clock Timing (resolution of system time calls)
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Tools
- Sysinternals (huge compendium)
- Nirsoft's Tools (huge compendium)
- NTLite (ISO creation)
- Process Lasso (priority and affinity saver)
- Power Plan Settings Explorer
- Timer Resolution Service
- NSudo
- Compatibility Manager (compatibility settings editor)
- VC++ Redist. AIO (TPU)
- VC++ Redist. AIO (abbodi1406)
- Quick CPU (power plan management)
- MSI Utility (interrupt mode and priority control)
- Microsoft Interrupt Affinity Policy Tool
- USB Device Tree Viewer
- DeviceTree
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Audio
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Tools
- REAL (W10 audio latency reduction)
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Alternatives to bloated programs
- Epic Games: Legendary
- Spotify: Foobar2000
- Discord: Ripcord (use at your own risk)
- GHUB / LGS: Logitech Onboard Memory Manager
- Antivirus software: Virustotal, Hybrid Analysis & uBlock Origin
- Chrome: Ungoogled Chromium
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Miscellaneous
- Geizhals database (useful for finding specific hardware due to the very extensive filtering functionality)
- NVIDIA article on lag reduction
My Twitter
Keywords for Google indexing (ignore this)
Manually generated keywords
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