rabe-zabbix

Collection of various Zabbix templates and helper scripts created or used by Radio Bern RaBe.

Zabbix Templates

The Zabbix templates are located within the templates subfolder and are further subdived into the following categories:

Operating system (os): All operating system specific templates
- Naming convention: Template_OS_<OPERATING-SYSTEM-NAME>_active
- Example: Template_OS_Linux_active
Application (app): All application specifc templates
- Naming convention: Template_App_[<OPERATING-SYSTEM-NAME]_<APPLICATION-NAME>_active
- Example: Template_App_Linux_Postfix_active
IPMI (ipmi): All IPMI based templates
- Naming convention: Template_IPMI_<NAME>
- Example: Template_IPMI_Threshold_Sensors
SNMP (snmp): All SNMP based templates
- Naming convention: Template_SNMP<SNMP-VERSION>_<NAME>
- Example: Template_SNMPv2_Interfaces_HC
Stack (stack): Stack templates define a single system (or role) and might inherit further stack templates, or exactly one operating system template as well as multiple application or SNMP templates.
Naming convention: Template_Stack_<STACK-NAME>_active
Example: Template_Stack_MediaWiki_active

Stack templates explained

Every host within Zabbix gets a specifc stack template assigned according to its role. The stack exactly defines the setup of this host and will be re-used if there is more than one host with the same role.

As an example, a host which servers a MediaWiki instance, will get the stack template Template_Stack_MediaWiki_active assigned. The stack template might include the operating system template Template_OS_Linux_active, the application templates Template_App_Linux_Apache_HTTPD_active, Template_App_Linux_PHP-FPM_active and Template_App_Linux_MariaDB_active.

This ensures great modularity, reusability and avoids unecessary inheritance problems.

Further template conventions

Use active mode for zabbix agent items by default
Use an update interval of 300 seconds (5 minutes) by default
Create at least one unique application per app, ipmi and snmp template
Use macros whenever possible and feasible, prefix them with a unique per template prefix

App specific conventions

Apps may contain configuration snippets in a userparameters/ subdir.
SELinux policy modules for an app are in the selinux/ subdir. They are prefixed with "rabezbx" to help differentiate them from system policy.

IPMI specific conventions

Name server or motherboard templates according to IPMI <VENDOR> <PRODUCT-NAME>, for example Template IPMI Supermicro SSG-6048R-E1CR24N
Try to build up a server or motherboard template from existing (or newly created) standalone sensor templates (which can be reused for the same sensor and reading type).
Standalone sensor templates which contain sensor-specific discrete IPMI sensors (event/reading type code 6Fh)
- Template naming according to IPMI <SENSOR-NAME> Sensors, for example IPMI Power Supply Sensors
- Item key naming according to ipmi.discrete-sensor[<SENSOR-TYPE>,<SENSOR-NAME>], for example ipmi.discrete-sensor[power-supply,{#IPMI_SENSOR_NAME}]
- Create triggers according to the sensor's specific event/reading type code and offsets (see Table 42-3, Sensor Type Codes) with the help of the Zabbix band() function
Standalone sensor templates which contain generic discrete IPMI sensors (event/reading type code 02h - 0Ch)
- Template naming according to IPMI <SENSOR-NAME> Generic Sensors, for example IPMI Module Board Generic Sensors
- Item key naming according to ipmi.discrete-generic-sensor[<SENSOR-TYPE>,<SENSOR-NAME>], for example ipmi.discrete-generic-sensor[module-board,{#IPMI_SENSOR_NAME}]
- Create triggers according to the sensor's generic event/reading type code and offsets (see Table 42-2, Generic Event/Reading Type Codes) with the help of the Zabbix band() function
Use the provided ipmi-sensor-discovery.sh external check script for low-level auto-discovery of multiple sensors.
FreeIPMI's interpret sensor configuration might be helpful for mapping sensor states to Zabbix trigger severities.
There should be no more need for threshold based sensor templates (event/reading type code 01h), as they are already handled by the IPMI Threshold Sensors template.

SNMP specific conventions

Name SNMP templates according to Template SNMPv<SNMP-VERSION> <NAME>, for example Template SNMPv2 Bridge
Try to reflect the MIBs name within <NAME> whenever feasible
Use the textual form of MIB OIDs within your SNMP items. As an example, use BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dBaseNumPorts.0 instead of .1.3.6.1.2.1.17.1.2.0
Include instructions on how to obtain and install the required MIBs for your template.
Name items according to rabe.snmp.<NAME>.<OID-NAME> to avoid clashes with other templates. Example: rabe.snmp.bridge.dot1dBaseNumPorts
Name low-level discovery rule keys with rabe.snmp.<NAME>.<OBJECT>.discovery Example: rabe.snmp-bridge.ports.discovery
Create value mappings according to the OID's syntax definition from the MIB.

Developing

Adding an app template

appName="" # app name
appURL=""  # URL to the upstream project/software

lowercaseName="${appName,,}"
uppercaseName="${appName^^}"

shortName="${lowercaseName//-/}"

templateName="Template App ${appName} active"
xmlName="${templateName// /_}.xml"

appDir="app/${appName// /_}"

gitBranchName="feature/app-${lowercaseName// /-}"


git checkout -b "${gitBranchName}"
mkdir -p "${appDir}/doc"

# Generate a minimal documentation
cat > "${appDir}/doc/README.head.md" << EOF
Monitoring of [${appName}]($appURL).
EOF

# Extend the documentation as necessary
vi "${appDir}/doc/README.head.md"

# Commit the documentation
git add "${appDir}/doc/README.head.md"
git commit -m "${appName}: Added documentation"


# Export the Zabbix template and move it to the final destination
# see fetching below if you want help exporting
mv zbx_export_templates.xml "${appDir}/${xmlName}"

# Commit the Zabbix template
git add "${appDir}/${xmlName}"
git commit -m "${appName}: Added ${templateName}"

Fetching an app from the Zabbix server

Fetching a template into a file from the server is straightforward.

./helper/rabe-zabbix --template=${templateName} ${xmlName}

You need to have a working node environment and install any dependencies beforehand.

npm install

The helper will prompt for settings should they not be configured. Please see its --help for more information.

optional usage section override

cat > "${appDir}/doc/README.Usage.md" << EOF
## Usage
1. Import the
   [\`${xmlName}\`](${xmlName})
   into your Zabbix server (click on the \`Raw\` button to download).
2. Add the template to your host (or stack template)
3. Check if new data arrives
EOF

vi "${appDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"

git add "${appDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"
git commit -m "${appName}: Added usage section"

optional selinux policy

$avcViolation="" # multiple lines from /var/log/audit/audit.log

moduleName="rabezbx${shortName// /}"

mkdir "${appDir}/selinux"

echo ${avcViolation} | audit2allow -m ${moduleName} > \
  "${appDir}/selinux/${moduleName}.te"

cat > "${appDir}/doc/README.SELinux.md" <<EOD
## SELinux Policy

The [${moduleName}](selinux/${moduleName}.te) policy does <dox>.
EOD


# Commit the SELinux policy and documentation
git add "${appDir}/selinux/${moduleName}.te"
git add "${appDir}/doc/README.SELinux.md"
git commit -e -m "${appName}: Added SELinux module and documentation"

optional userparameters

mkdir "${appDir}/userparameters"

userParameterName="rabe.${lowercaseName// /-}"

cat > "${appDir}/userparameters/${userParameterName}.conf" <<EOD
#
# dox here
#
UserParameter=${userParameterName}.<key>,<script>
EOD

cat > "${appDir}/doc/README.UserParameters.md" <<EOD
## UserParameters

| Key | Description |
| --- | ----------- |
| \`${userParameterName}.<key>\` | <dox> |
EOD


# Commit the userparameters and documentation
git add "${appDir}/userparameters/${userParameterName}.conf"
git add "${appDir}/doc/README.UserParameters.md"
git commit -e -m "${appName}: Added user parameters and docs."

optional scripts

mkdir "${appDir}/scripts"

scriptName="rabe-${lowercaseName// /-}.sh"

touch "${appDir}/scripts/${scriptName}"

cat > "${appDir}/doc/README.scripts.md" <<EOD
## Scripts

* [${scriptName}](./scripts/${scriptName}) for ${userParameterName}.<key> UserParameter

<dox below listing if needed>
EOD

# Commit the scripts and documentation
git add "${appDir}/scripts/*"
git add "${appDir}/doc/README.scripts.md"
git commit -e -m "${appName}: Added scripts and docs."

optional Sudo security policies

mkdir "${appDir}/sudoers.d"

sudoersFileName="rabezbx-${lowercaseName// /_}"
sudoersCmndAliasPrefix="RABEZBX_${uppercaseName//[ -]/_}"

cat > "${appDir}/sudoers.d/${sudoersFileName}" << EOF
##
## Defaults specification for the zabbix user
##
Defaults:zabbix !requiretty

##
## Command alias specifications for ${appName}
##
Cmnd_Alias ${sudoersCmndAliasPrefix}_MYCMD = /sbin/mycmd -a -b -c
Cmnd_Alias ${sudoersCmndAliasPrefix}_MYOTHERCMD = /sbin/myothercmd

##
## User privilege specifications for the zabbix user
##
zabbix ALL=NOPASSWD: ${sudoersCmndAliasPrefix}_MYCMD
zabbix ALL=NOPASSWD: ${sudoersCmndAliasPrefix}_MYOTHERCMD
EOF


# Commit the sudo configuration snippet
git add "${appDir}/sudoers.d/${sudoersFileName}"
git commit -e -m "${appName}: Added sudoers config."

Adapt the MYCMD and MYOTHERMCD command aliases accordingly.

Generate the template documentation and push

As a final step you have to generate the template configuration and push to GitHub afterwards.

# Generate the template documentation
make update-app-doc
git add "${appDir}/README.md"
git commit -m "${appName}: Added generated documentation"

# Push and create a PR on GitHub afterwards
git push --set-upstream origin "${gitBranchName}"

Adding an OS template

osName="" # Operating system name

lowercaseName="${osName,,}"
gitBranchName="feature/os-${lowercaseName// /-}"

git checkout -b "${gitBranchName}"

templateName="Template OS ${osName}"
xmlName="${templateName// /_}.xml"

osDir="os/${osName// /_}"


mkdir -p "${osDir}/doc"
touch "${osDir}/doc/README.head.md"

# Write the documentation for your template
vi "${osDir}/doc/README.head.md"

git add "${osDir}/doc/README.head.md"
git commit -m "${osName}: Added documentation"


# Export the Zabbix template and move it to the final destination
mv zbx_export_templates.xml "${osDir}/${xmlName}"

git add "${osDir}/${xmlName}"
git commit -m "${osName}: Added ${templateName}"


# Generate the template documentation
make update-os-doc
git add "${osDir}/README.md"
git commit -m "${osName}: Added generated documentation"


# Push and create a PR on GitHub afterwards
git push --set-upstream origin "${gitBranchName}"

optional usage section override

cat > "${osDir}/doc/README.Usage.md" << EOF
## Usage
EOF

vi "${osDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"

git add "${osDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"
git commit -m "${osName}: Added usage section"

Adding an IPMI template

ipmiName="" # IPMI sensor, board or server name

lowercaseName="${ipmiName,,}"

templateName="Template IPMI ${ipmiName}"
xmlName="${templateName// /_}.xml"

ipmiDir="ipmi/${ipmiName// /_}"

mkdir -p "${ipmiDir}/doc"
touch "${ipmiDir}/doc/README.head.md"

mv zbx_export_templates.xml "${ipmiDir}/${xmlName}"

optional usage section override

cat > "${ipmiDir}/doc/README.Usage.md" << EOF
## Usage
EOF

vi "${ipmiDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"

git add "${ipmiDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"
git commit -m "${ipmiName}: Added usage section"

optional scripts

scriptName="ipmi-${lowercaseName// /-}"

mkdir -p "${ipmiDir}/scripts"

touch "${ipmiDir}/scripts/${scriptName}.sh"

cat > "${ipmiDir}/doc/README.scripts.md" <<EOD
## Scripts

* [${scriptName}.sh](./scripts/${scriptName}.sh) <short description>

<dox below listing if needed>
EOD

Adding an SNMP template

snmpName=""       # Name, usually related to the MIB or device
snmpVersion="2"   # SNMP version, 1, 2 or 3.
snmpDeviceURL=""  # URL to the device (if any)
snmpMibURL=""     # URL to the MIB (if any)

lowercaseName="${snmpName,,}"

templateName="Template SNMPv${snmpVersion} ${snmpName}"
xmlName="${templateName// /_}.xml"

snmpDir="snmp/SNMPv${snmpVersion}_${snmpName// /_}"

gitBranchName="feature/snmp-${lowercaseName// /-}"

git checkout -b "${gitBranchName}"
mkdir -p "${snmpDir}/doc"
touch "${snmpDir}/doc/README.head.md"


# Generate a minimal documentation
cat > "${snmpDir}/doc/README.head.md" << EOF
<DEVICE-SPECIFIC-EXAMPLE>
Monitoring of [${snmpName}](${snmpDeviceURL})
devices via SNMPv${snmpVersion}
</DEVICE-SPECIFIC-EXAMPLE

<MIB-SPECIFIC-EXAMPLE>
Monitors <EXAMPLE> parameters exposed by the
[\`<EXAMPLE-MIB>\`](${snmpMibURL}) via SNMPv${snmpVersion}
</MIB-SPECIFIC-EXAMPLE>
EOF

cat > "${snmpDir}/doc/README.Usage.md" << EOF
## Usage
1. Download the [<EXAMPLE-MIB>](${snmpMibURL})
2. Place the MIB file(s) into your default MIB directory on the Zabbix server
   and/or proxy (usually \`/usr/local/share/snmp/mibs\`) and make sure that the
   Zabbix server and/or proxy loads them (see [Using and loading
   MIBs](http://www.net-snmp.org/wiki/index.php/TUT:Using_and_loading_MIBS)).
3. Import the
   [\`${xmlName}\`](${xmlName})
   into your Zabbix server (click on the \`Raw\` button to download).
4. Add an SNMP interface configuration to your host
5. Set the \`{$SNMP_COMMUNITY}\` macro to your desired community if you don't
   use \`public\`
6. Add the template to your host (or stack template)
7. Check if new data arrives

## Notes
### snmpwalk command
The following \`snmpwalk\` command might be helpful for debugging:
\`\`\`bash
# Include and adapt me for SNMP version 1 or 2c
snmpwalk -v <1|2c> -c public <HOST> <EXAMPLE-MIB::OID>

# Include and adapt me for SNMP version 3
snmpwalk -v 3 -l <noAuthNo‐Priv|authNoPriv|authPriv> \\
         [-a <MD5|SHA> -A <AUTH-PASSPHRASE> \\
         [-x <DES|AES> -X <PRIV-PASSPHRASE>]] \\
         <HOST> <EXAMPLE-MIB::OID>
\`\`\`
EOF

# Adapt and extend the documentation as necessary
vi "${snmpDir}/doc/README.head.md"
vi "${snmpDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"

# Commit the documentation
git add "${snmpDir}/doc/README.head.md"
git add "${snmpDir}/doc/README.Usage.md"
git commit -m "${snmpName}: Added documentation"


# Export the Zabbix template and move it to its final destination
mv zbx_export_templates.xml "${snmpDir}/${xmlName}"

# Commit the Zabbix template
git add "${snmpDir}/${xmlName}"
git commit -m "${snmpName}: Added ${templateName}"


# Generate the template documentation
make update-snmp-doc
git add "${snmpDir}/README.md"
git commit -m "${snmpName}: Added generated documentation"

# Push and create a PR on GitHub afterwards
git push --set-upstream origin "${gitBranchName}"

Note, that you can also use the provided template fetching helper script for downloading the template from your Zabbix server.

Debugging

The following commands might be helpful for general debugging:

Test a specific Zabbix agent item
su -c 'zabbix_agentd -t <ITEM-KEY>' -s /bin/bash zabbix
Restart the Zabbix agent
systemctl restart zabbix-agent
Restart the Zabbix server
systemctl restart zabbix-server

The following logs might contain helpful hints:

Zabbix Agent related messages
/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
Zabbix Server related messages
/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
sudo related messages
journalctl -r /usr/bin/sudo
SELinux related messages
/var/log/audit/audit.log

RPM Packages

The rabe-zabbix templates come with an RPM package that helps install SELinux policies and UserParameter configs. We provide a pre-built version through the openSUSE Build Server. They are available as part of the home:radiorabe:zabbix Subproject. You can install them as follows.

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/home:radiorabe:zabbix.repo \
     http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/radiorabe:/zabbix/CentOS_7/home:radiorabe:zabbix.repo

yum install rabe-zabbix

Releasing

Bump the version in the Specfile and add a new commit to master with the version bump
Tag this commit with the same version you used in the Specfile
Push master and the tag to github
The openSUSE Build Service should get triggered and build a new package automagically

License

This template collection is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.

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rabe-zabbix

Zabbix Templates

Stack templates explained

Further template conventions

App specific conventions

IPMI specific conventions

SNMP specific conventions

Developing

Adding an app template

Fetching an app from the Zabbix server

optional usage section override

optional selinux policy

optional userparameters

optional scripts

optional Sudo security policies

Generate the template documentation and push

Adding an OS template

optional usage section override

Adding an IPMI template

optional usage section override

optional scripts

Adding an SNMP template

Debugging

RPM Packages

Releasing

License

Copyright