Implementation of dependency injection for Python 3

Features:

• types resolution by signature types annotations (type hints)
• types resolution by class annotations (type hints) (new in version 1.1.0 ⭐)
• types resolution by constructor parameter names and aliases (convention over configuration)
• unintrusive: builds objects graph without the need to change classes source code (unlike some other Python implementations of dependency injection, like inject)
• minimum overhead to obtain services, once the objects graph is built
• support for singletons, transient, and scoped services
• compatible with Python 3.10.0a5 (still in development at the time of rodi 1.1.1)

This library is freely inspired by .NET Standard Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection implementation (ref. MSDN, Dependency injection in ASP.NET Core, Using dependency injection in a .Net Core console application).

Installation

pip install rodi

De gustibus non disputandum est

This library is designed to work both by type hints in constructor signatures, and by constructor parameter names (convention over configuration), like described in below diagram. It can be useful for those who like type hinting, those who don't, and those who like having both options.

Minimum overhead

rodi works by inspecting __init__ methods once at runtime, to generate functions that return instances of desired types. Validation steps, for example to detect circular dependencies or missing services, are done when building these functions, so additional validation is not needed when activating services.

For this reason, services are first registered inside an instance of Container class, which implements a method build_provider() that returns an instance of Services. The service provider is then used to obtain desired services by type or name. Inspection and validation steps are done only when creating an instance of service provider.

In the example below, a singleton is registered by exact instance.

container = Container()
container.add_instance(Cat("Celine"))

services = container.build_provider()  # --> validation, generation of functions

cat = services.get(Cat)

assert cat is not None
assert cat.name == "Celine"

Service life style:

• singleton - instantiated only once per service provider
• transient - services are instantiated every time they are required
• scoped - instantiated only once per service resolution (root call, e.g. once per web request)

Usage in BlackSheep

rodi is used in the BlackSheep web framework to implement dependency injection for request handlers.

Documentation

For documentation and examples, please refer to the wiki in GitHub, https://github.com/Neoteroi/rodi/wiki.