Papers on Network Resource Allocation

🌟 We release the first verison of Virne, which is a python framework for Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem and provides various VNE algorithms.

This is a paper list about Network Resource Allocation in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), including

• Comprehensive Survey and Analysis
• Slicing: Network Slicing
• Chaining: VNF Chaining (aka SFC Orchestration)
• Deployment: VNF Deployment (aka SFC Deployment)
• Scheduling: VNF Scheduling (including Scaling, Reconfiguration and Migration)
• Routing: Network Traffic Measurement and Management
• Multi-domain (aka cross-domain, multi-region or other resemble name)

Here, VNF - Virtual Network Function and SFC - Service Function Chain.

We mainly collect papers from high-quality journals and conferences, and classify them according to method categories. Particularly, you can find more details of papers in the Machine Learning-based section, which represents an encouraging technique to efficiently solve network resource allocation problems.

Search by Keywords

You can search the relevant papers by following keywords:

• Direction: Chaining, Deployment, Scheduling, Routing, Joint
• Publication: SIGCOMM,INFOCOM, JSAC, TON,TMC, TPDS, ...
• PUB-rank: CCF-A, CCF-B, JCR-Q1, ...
• Scenario: Dsitributed, IoT, Edge, Mobile, Optical Network, ...
• Awareness: Latency, Congestion, Privacy, Energy, Parallelization, Reliability, Multicast
• RL-ALGO: DQN, DDPG, A3C, PPO, ...
• NN-type: CNN, RNN, GNN, ...

Repository & Website

• Repository: More timely updates
• Website: Better reading experience

Content

• 1. Survey and Analysis
• 2. Mathematical-based Methods
• 3. Heuristic-based Methods
  • 3.1 Slicing
  • 3.2 Chaining
  • 3.3 Deployment
  • 3.4 Scheduling
  • 3.5 Routing
• 4. Machine Learning-based Methods
  • 4.1 Slicing
  • 4.2 Chaining
  • 4.3 Deployment
  • 4.4 Scheduling
  • 4.5 Routing
• 5. Other and Unclassified

1. Survey and Analysis

1. Network Services Anomalies in NFV: Survey, Taxonomy, and Verification Methods

   • Publication: TNSM 2022 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Moubarak Zoure;Toufik Ahmed;Laurent Réveillére
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Recent Advances of Resource Allocation in Network Function Virtualization

   • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Song Yang, Fan Li, Stojan Trajanovski, Ramin Yahyapour, Xiaoming Fu
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. A Survey of Network Virtualization Techniques for Internet of Things Using SDN and NFV

   • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Iqbal Alam, Kashif Sharif, Fan Li, Zohaib Latif, M. M. Karim, Sujit Biswas, Boubakr Nour, Yu Wang
   • Link: ACM DL

4. ONETS: Online Network Slice Broker From Theory to Practice

   • Publication: TWC 2021 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Vincenzo Sciancalepore; Lanfranco Zanzi; Xavier Costa-Pérez; Antonio Capone
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. Graph-based Deep Learning for Communication Networks: A Survey

   • Publication: arXiv 2021
   • Authors: Weiwei Jiang
   • Link: arXiv

6. On the Hardness and Inapproximability of Virtual Network Embeddings

   • Publication: TON 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Matthias Rost and Stefan Schmid
   • Link: paper

7. SDN/NFV-Empowered Future IoV With Enhanced Communication, Computing, and Caching

   • Publication: Proc. IEEE 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Weihua Zhuang; Qiang Ye; Feng Lyu; Nan Cheng; Ju Ren
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

8. Survey of Performance Acceleration Techniques for Network Function Virtualization

   • Publication: Proc. IEEE 2019 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Leonardo Linguaglossa; Stanislav Lange; Salvatore Pontarelli; Gábor Rétvári; Dario Rossi; Thomas Zinner; Roberto Bifulco; Michael; Jarschel; Giuseppe Bianchi
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

9. Will Serverless Computing Revolutionize NFV?

   • Publication: Proc. IEEE 2019 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Paarijaat Aditya; Istemi Ekin Akkus; Andre Beck; Ruichuan Chen; Volker Hilt; Ivica Rimac; Klaus Satzke; Manuel Stein
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

10. 5G network slicing using SDN and NFV: A survey of taxonomy, architectures and future challenges

    • Publication: CN 2020 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Alcardo AlexBarakabitze, ArslanAhmad, Rashid Mijumb, Andrew Hinesd
    • Link: ScienceDirect

11. Routing via Functions in Virtual Networks: The Curse of Choices

    • Publication: TON 2019 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Thi-Minh Nguyen; André Girard; Catherine Rosenberg; Serge Fdida
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

12. A Survey on the Placement of Virtual Resources and Virtual Network Functions

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2019 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Abdelquoddouss Laghrissi and Tarik Taleb
    • Link: paper

13. Dependability of the NFV Orchestrator: State of the Art and Research Challenges

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2018 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Andres J. Gonzalez; Gianfranco Nencioni; Andrzej Kamisiński; Bjarne E. Helvik; Poul E. Heegaard
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

14. Network Slicing and Softwarization: A Survey on Principles, Enabling Technologies, and Solutions

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2018 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Ibrahim Afolabi; Tarik Taleb; Konstantinos Samdanis; Adlen Ksentini; Hannu Flinck
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

15. A Comprehensive Survey of Network Function Virtualization

    • Publication: CN 2018 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Bo Yi, Xingwei Wang, Keqin Li, Sajal k. Das , Min Huang
    • Link: ScienceDirect

16. Network Function Virtualization: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2016 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Rashid Mijumbi; Joan Serrat; Juan-Luis Gorricho;Niels Bouten; Filip De Turck; Raouf Boutaba
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

17. Survey on Network Virtualization Hypervisors for Software Defined Networking

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2016 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Andreas Blenk; Arsany Basta; Martin Reisslein; Wolfgang Kellerer
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

18. Resource Allocation in NFV: A Comprehensive Survey

    • Publication: TNSM 2016 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Juliver Gil Herrera, Juan Felipe Botero
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

19. A Survey on Service Function Chaining

    • Publication: Journal of Network and Computer Applications 2016 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Deval Bhamare, Raj Jain, Mohammed Samaka, Aiman Erbad
    • Link: paper

20. Virtual Network Embedding: A Survey

    • Publication: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2013 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Andreas Fischer; Juan Felipe Botero; Michael Till Beck; Hermann de Meer; Xavier Hesselbach
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Mathematical-based Methods

Solving these problems with exact mathematical methods usually needs expensive computing resources and running time, which limits its applications in most realistic scenarios.

3. Heuristic-based Methods

Here are many heuristic-based and meta-heuristic-based methods, only part of which recently published are displayed directly. You can obtain more papers by clicking more button.

3.1 Slicing

1. Coordinated 5G Network Slicing: How Constructive Interference Can Boost Network Throughput

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Salvatore D’Oro; Leonardo Bonati; Francesco Restuccia; Tommaso Melodia
   • Keywords: Slicing, Radio access network (RAN)
   • Objective: /
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. An Efficient Linear Programming Rounding-and-Refinement Algorithm for Large-Scale Network Slicing Problem

   • Publication: ICASSP 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Wei-Kun Chen; Ya-Feng Liu; Yu-Hong Dai; Zhi-Quan Luo
   • Keywords: Slicing, Large-Scale, Linear Programming, Rounding-and-Refinement
   • Objective: /
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. A Coverage-Aware Resource Provisioning Method for Network Slicing

   • Publication: TON 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Quang-Trung Luu; Sylvaine Kerboeuf; Alexandre Mouradian; Michel Kieffer
   • Keywords: Slicing
   • Objective: /
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. End-to-end network slicing for future wireless in multi-region cloud platforms

   • Publication: CN 2020 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Simona Marinova , Thomas Lin, Hadi Bannazadeh, Alberto Leon-Garcia
   • Keywords: Slicing, Multi-domain, E2E (End-to-end), network slicing
   • Objective: /
   • Link: ScienceDirect

5. Optimization Model for Cross-Domain Network Slices in 5G Networks

   • Publication: TMC 2019 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Rami Akrem Addad; Miloud Bagaa; Tarik Taleb; Diego Leonel Cadette Dutra; Hannu Flinck
   • Keywords: Slicing, Multi-domain
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

6. Multi-Tenant Radio Access Network Slicing: Statistical Multiplexing of Spatial Loads

   • Publication: TON 2017 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Pablo Caballero; Albert Banchs; Gustavo de Veciana; Xavier Costa-Pérez
   • Keywords: Slicing
   • Objective: Cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3.2 Chaining

1. Leveraging Network Functions Virtualization Orchestrators to Achieve Software-Defined Access Control in the Clouds

   • Publication: TDSC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Montida Pattaranantakul; Ruan He; Zonghua Zhang; Ahmed Meddahi; Ping Wang
   • Keywords: Chaining
   • Objective: Throughput +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Combined Stateful Classification and Session Splicing for High-Speed NFV Service Chaining

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Tom Barbette; Cyril Soldani; Laurent Mathy
   • Keywords: Chaining, High-Speed
   • Objective: Speed +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Toward Optimal Partial Parallelization for Service Function Chaining

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: I-Chieh Lin; Yu-Hsuan Yeh; Kate Ching-Ju Lin
   • Keywords: Chaining, Parallelization
   • Objective: Latency -, Parallelization +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. A Scalable Stateful Approach for Virtual Security Functions Orchestration

   • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Niloofar Moradi; Alireza Shameli-Sendi; Alireza Khajouei
   • Keywords: Chaining, Scalable
   • Objective: Cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. Toward a Real Deployment of Network Services Orchestration and Configuration Convergence Framework for 5G Network Slices

   • Publication: IEEE Network 2021 (JCR-1)
   • Authors: Ibrahim Afolabi; Miloud Bagaa; Walid Boumezer; Tarik Taleb
   • Keywords: Chaining, Deployment, Joint, Network Slice, Distributed
   • Objective: Framework
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

6. Slicing-based Reliable Resource Orchestration for Secure Software Defined Edge-Cloud Computing Systems

   • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-1)
   • Authors: Ahmadreza Montazerolghaem
   • Keywords: Chaining, IoT, Network Slice
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3.3 Deployment

1. Online Service Function Chain Placement for Cost-effectiveness and Network Congestion Control

   • Publication: TC 2022 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Xiaojun Shang; Zhenhua Liu; Yuanyuan Yang
   • Keywords: Deployment, Routing, Online candidate path selection (OCPS)
   • Objective: Latency -, Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Multi-Resource VNF Deployment in a Heterogeneous Cloud

   • Publication: TC 2022 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Jiaqi Zheng; Zixuan Zhang; Qiufang Ma; Xiaofeng Gao; Chen Tian; Guihai Chen
   • Keywords: Deployment, Multi-Resource, Heterogeneous Cloud
   • Objective: Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. CoShare: An Efficient Approach for Redundancy Allocation in NFV

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A) (Early Access)
   • Authors: Yordanos Tibebu Woldeyohannes; Besmir Tola; Yuming Jiang; K. K. Ramakrishnan
   • Keywords: Deployment, Redundancy Allocation, Reliablity
   • Objective: Reliablity -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. Latency-Sensitive Edge/Cloud Serverless Dynamic Deployment Over Telemetry-Based Packet-Optical Network

   • Publication: JSAC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: István Pelle; Francesco Paolucci; Balázs Sonkoly; Filippo Cugini
   • Keywords: Deployment, Latency, Optical Network
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. Prune and Plant: Efficient Placement and Parallelism of Virtual Network Functions

   • Publication: TC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Wei Bao; Dong Yuan; Bing Bing Zhou; Albert Y. Zomaya
   • Keywords: Deployment, Parallelization, Prune and Plant
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

6. Prioritized Deployment of Dynamic Service Function Chains

   • Publication: TC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Xiaojun Shang; Zhenhua Liu; Yuanyuan Yang
   • Keywords: Deployment, Prioritized
   • Objective: Latency -, Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

7. Mobility-Aware and Delay-Sensitive Service Provisioning in Mobile Edge-Cloud Networks

   • Publication: TC ( Early Access ) (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Yu Ma; Weifa Liang; Jing Li; Xiaohua Jia; Song Guo
   • Keywords: Deployment, Mobility, Latency
   • Objective: Latency -, Mobility +, Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

8. Request Reliability Augmentation with Service Function Chain Requirements in Mobile Edge Computing

   • Publication: TMC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Weifa Liang; Yu Ma; Wenzheng Xu; Zichuan Xu; Xiaohua Jia; Wanlei Zhou
   • Keywords: Deployment, Reliability
   • Objective: Reliability +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

9. Delay-Aware Virtual Network Function Placement and Routing in Edge Clouds

   • Publication: TMC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Song Yang; Fan Li; Stojan Trajanovski; Xu Chen; Yu Wang; Xiaoming Fu
   • Keywords: Deployment, Latency
   • Objective: Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

10. Online Adaptive Interference-Aware VNF Deployment and Migration for 5G Network Slice

    • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Qixia Zhang; Fangming Liu; Chaobing Zeng
    • Keywords: Deployment, Scheduling, Joint
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Migration cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

11. Joint Placement and Allocation of VNF Nodes With Budget and Capacity Constraints

    • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Gamal Sallam; Bo Ji
    • Keywords: Deployment, Relaxation
    • Objective: Cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

12. Service Placement and Request Scheduling for Data-Intensive Applications in Edge Clouds

    • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Vajiheh Farhadi; Fidan Mehmeti; Ting He; Thomas F. La Porta; Hana Khamfroush; Shiqiang Wang
    • Keywords: Deployment, Scheduling, Joint
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Migration cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

13. Incremental Server Deployment for Software-Defined NFV-Enabled Networks

    • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Jianchun Liu; Hongli Xu; Gongming Zhao; Chen Qian; Xingpeng Fan; Xuwei Yang; He Huang
    • Keywords: Incremental Server Deployment
    • Objective: Cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

14. Efficient Virtual Network Embedding of Cloud-Based Data Center Networks into Optical Networks

    • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Weibei Fan; Fu Xiao; Xiaobai Chen; Lei Cui; Shui Yu
    • Keywords: Deployment, Optical Networks
    • Objective: Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

15. Joint SFC Deployment and Resource Management in Heterogeneous Edge for Latency Minimization

    • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Yu Liu; Xiaojun Shang; Yuanyuan Yang
    • Keywords: Deployment, Scheduling, Joint, Heterogeneous, Edge, Latency
    • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

16. Dynamic Network Function Provisioning to Enable Network in Box for Industrial Applications

    • Publication: TII 2021 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Gang Sun; Zhu Xu; Hongfang Yu; Victor Chang
    • Keywords: Deployment, Path Selection
    • Objective: Cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

17. Joint Virtual Network Topology Design and Embedding for Cybertwin-Enabled 6G Core Networks

    • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-1)
    • Authors: Junling Li; Weisen Shi; Qiang Ye; Shan Zhang; Weihua Zhuang; Xuemin Shen
    • Keywords: Deployment, Joint, Latency
    • Objective: Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

18. Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge–Cloud Environments for IoT Applications

    • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-1)
    • Authors: Nguyen Huu Thanh; Nguyen Trung Kien; Ngo Van Hoa; Truong Thu Huong; Florian Wamser; Tobias Hossfeld
    • Keywords: Deployment, IoT, Edge, Energy
    • Objective: Energy consumption -, Latency -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

19. Profit-aware Edge Server Placement

    • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-1)
    • Authors: Yuanzhe Li; Ao Zhou; Xiao Ma; Shangguang Wang
    • Keywords: Deployment, Edge
    • Objective: Energy consumption -, Latency -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

3.4 Scheduling

1. Service Placement and Request Scheduling for Data-Intensive Applications in Edge Clouds

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Vajiheh Farhadi; Fidan Mehmeti; Ting He; Thomas F. La Porta; Hana Khamfroush; Shiqiang Wang; Kevin S. Chan; Konstantinos Poularakis
   • Keywords: Joint, Deployment, Scheduling, Mobile Edge Computing
   • Objective: Cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Highly-Efficient Switch Migration for Controller Load Balancing in Elastic Optical Inter-Datacenter Networks

   • Publication: JSAC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Yong Liu; Huaxi Gu; Fulong Yan; Nicola Calabretta
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Migration, Data Center
   • Objective: Cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Joint Resource Optimization and Delay-aware Virtual Network Function Migration in Data Center Networks

   • Publication: TNSM 2021 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Biyi Li; Bo Cheng; Xuan Liu; Meng Wang; Yi Yue; Junliang Chen
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Migration, Latency
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. HASFC: A MANO-Compliant Framework for Availability Management of Service Chains

   • Publication: IEEE Communications Magazine 2021 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Mario Di Mauro; Giovanni Galatro; Maurizio Longo; Fabio Postiglione; Marco Tambasco
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Deployment, Reliabilty
   • Objective: Cost -, Reliabilty +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. An Efficient Algorithm for Service Function Chains Reconfiguration in Mobile Edge Cloud Networks

   • Publication: ICWS 2021 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Biyi Li; Bo Cheng; Junliang Chen
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Migration, Dynamic Programmingbased
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3.5 Routing

1. Real-Time Update of Joint SFC and Routing in Software Defined Networks

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Xingpeng Fan; Hongli Xu; He Huang; Xuwei Yang
   • Keywords: Routing, Joint, Latency
   • Objective: Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Software-defined Internet of Multimedia Things: Energy-efficient and Load-balanced Resource Management

   • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-1)
   • Authors: Jianhang Tang; Jiangtian Nie; Zehui Xiong; Jun Zhao; Yang Zhang; Dusit Niyato
   • Keywords: Routing, IoT, Energy, Load Balancing
   • Objective: Energy consumption -, Load Balancing +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Congestion Minimization for Service Chain Routing Problems With Path Length Considerations

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Lingnan Gao; George N. Rouskas
   • Keywords: Routing
   • Objective: Congestion -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. Machine Learning-based Methods

This is an interesting and promising research direction, looking forward to your participation!

4.1 Slicing

1. A Constrained Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Network Slicing
   • Publication: ICNP 2020 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Yongshuai Liu; Jiaxin Ding; Xin Liu
   • Keywords: Slicing
   • Objective: /
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4.2 Chaining

1. Endogenous Trusted DRL-Based Service Function Chain Orchestration for IoT

   • Publication: TC 2022 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Shaoyong Guo; Yuanyuan Qi; Yi Jin; Wenjing Li; Xuesong Qiu; Luoming Meng
   • Keywords: Chaining, A3C (Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic)
   • Objective: Orchestration cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Space-Air-Ground Integrated Multi-Domain Network Resource Orchestration Based on Virtual Network Architecture: A DRL Method

   • Publication: TITS 2021 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Peiying Zhang; Chao Wang; Neeraj Kumar; Lei Liu
   • Keywords: Chaining, Deployment, Multi-Domain, DQN
   • Objective: Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Scalable Orchestration of Service Function Chains in NFV-Enabled Networks: A Federated Reinforcement Learning Approach

   • Publication: JSAC 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Haojun Huang, Cheng Zeng, Yangmin Zhao, Geyong Min, Yingying Zhu, Wang Miao , and Jia Hu
   • Keywords: Chaining, Deployment, DQN, FL (Federated Learning)
   • Objective: Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4.3 Deployment

1. Monkey Business: Reinforcement learning meets neighborhood search for Virtual Network Embedding

   • Publication: arXiv 2022
   • Authors: Maxime Elkael; Massinissa Ait Aba; Andrea Araldo; Hind Castel; Badii Jouaber
   • Keywords: Deployment, MCTS (Monte Carlo tree search), Neighborhood Search
   • Objective: Cost -, Revenue-to-cost +
   • Link: arXiv, code

2. On the Effective Parallelization and Near-Optimal Deployment of Service Function Chains

   • Publication: TPDS 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Jianzhen Luo; Jun Li; Lei Jiao; Jun Cai
   • Keywords: Deployment, Parallelization, Viterbi Dynamic Programming algorithm
   • Objective: Latency -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Dynamic Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm based on Graph Convolution Neural Network and Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: IoTJ 2021 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Peiying Zhang; Chao Wang; Neeraj Kumar; Weishan Zhang; Lei Liu
   • Keywords: Deployment, GNN, GCN, MDP (Markov Decision Process), Viterbi algorithm
   • Objective: Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. VNE-HRL: A Proactive Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: TNSM 2021 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Jin Cheng; Yulei Wu; Yeming Lin; Yuepeng E; Fan Tang; Jingguo Ge
   • Keywords: VNE, Hierarchical RL
   • Objective: Long-term revenue +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. A-DDPG: Attention Mechanism-based Deep Reinforcement Learning for NFV

   • Publication: IWQoS 2021 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Nan He, S. Yang, Fan Li, S. Trajanovski, F.A. Kuipers, Xiaoming Fu
   • Keywords: Deployment, Attention, DDPG, Latency
   • Objective: Placement cost -, Latency -
   • Link: paper

6. A Heuristically Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Network Slice Placement

   • Publication: TNSM 2020 (JCR-Q1)
   • Authors: Jose Jurandir Alves Esteves, Amina Boubendir, Fabrice Guillemin, Pierre Sens
   • Keywords: Deployment, A3C, GCN
   • Objective: Acceptance rate +
   • Link: arXiv

7. Automatic Virtual Network Embedding: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach With Graph Convolutional Networks

   • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Zhongxia Yan, Jingguo Ge, Yulei Wu, Liangxiong Li, Tong Li
   • Keywords: Deployment, A3C (Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic), GNN, GCN (Graph Convolutional Network)
   • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Long-term average revenue +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

8. MUVINE: Multi-Stage Virtual Network Embedding in Cloud Data Centers Using Reinforcement Learning-Based Predictions

   • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Hiren Kumar Thakkar, Chinmaya Dehury, Prasan Kumar Sahoo
   • Keywords: Deployment, Q-learning, ML(Machine Learning), Multi-Stage
   • Objective: Long-term average revenue +, Placement cost -
   • Link: paper

9. Virtual Network Function Placement Optimization With Deep Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Ruben Solozabal; Josu Ceberio; Aitor Sanchoyerto; Luis Zabala; Bego Blanco; Fidel Liberal
   • Keywords: Deployment, PG (Policy Gradients), Attention, LSTM
   • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Power consumption -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

10. Optimal VNF Placement via Deep Reinforcement Learning in SDN/NFV-Enabled Networks

    • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Jianing Pei, Peilin Hong, Miao Pan, Jiangqing Liu, Jingsong Zhou
    • Keywords: Deployment, DDQN (Double Deep Q Network), BIP (Binary Integer Programming)
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

11. A Dynamic Reliability-Aware Service Placement for Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

    • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Zhongxia Yan, Jingguo Ge, Yulei Wu, Liangxiong Li, Tong Li
    • Keywords: Deployment, Dynamic Reliability-aware, MDP (Markov Decision Process), Viterbi algorithm
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Placement cost -
    • Link: arXiv

12. Dynamic Service Function Chain Embedding for NFV-Enabled IoT: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

    • Publication: TWC 2020 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Xiaoyuan Fu; F. Richard Yu; Jingyu Wang; Qi Qi; Jianxin Liao
    • Keywords: Deployment, Latency, DQN, Dynamic
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

13. A Dynamic and Collaborative Multi-Layer Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm in SDN Based on Reinforcement Learning

    • Publication: TNSM 2020 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Mohammad Karimzadeh-Farshbafan; Vahid Shah-Mansouri; Dusit Niyato
    • Keywords: Deployment, Collaborative, Multi-Layer, REINFORCE
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Long-term average revenue +
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

14. DDQP: A Double Deep Q-Learning Approach to Online Fault-Tolerant SFC Placement

    • Publication: TNSM 2020 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Lei Wang; Weixi Mao; Jin Zhao; Yuedong Xu
    • Keywords: Deployment, DDQN
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

15. A Continuous-Decision Virtual Network Embedding Scheme Relying on Reinforcement Learning

    • Publication: TNSM 2020 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Haipeng Yao; Sihan Ma; Jingjing Wang; Peiying Zhang; Chunxiao Jiang; Song Guo
    • Keywords: Continuous-Decision, Time Series, RNN, Seq2Seq
    • Objective: Long term average revenue to cost ratio +
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

16. A Privacy-Preserving Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Multi-Domain Virtual Network Embedding

    • Publication: TNSM 2020 (JCR-Q1)
    • Authors: Davide Andreoletti, Tanya Velichkova, Giacomo Verticale, Massimo Tornatore , Silvia Giordano
    • Keywords: Deployment, Multi-domain, Privacy
    • Objective: /
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

17. Multi-domain Non-cooperative VNF-FG Embedding: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

    • Publication: INFOCOM 2019 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Pham Tran Anh Quang, Abbas Bradai, Kamal Deep Singh, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul
    • Keywords: Deployment, DDPG (Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient), Multi-domain, Non-cooperative
    • Link: paper

18. DeepViNE: Virtual Network Embedding with Deep Reinforcement Learning

    • Publication: INFOCOM 2019 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Mahdi Dolati, Seyedeh Bahereh Hassanpour, Majid Ghaderi, Ahmad Khonsari
    • Keywords: Deployment, DQN (Deep Q Network), Multi-channels Representations
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +
    • Link: paper

19. Virtual Network Function Placement Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning

    • Publication: JSAC 2019 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Ruben Solozabal, Josu Ceberio, Aitor Sanchoyerto, Luis Zabala, Bego Blanco, Fidel Liberal
    • Keywords: Deployment, PG (Policy Gradient), Seq2Seq (Sequence-to-Sequence)
    • Objective: Energy consumption -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

20. Deep Reinforcement Learning Based VNF Management in Geo-distributed Edge Computing

    • Publication: ICDCS 2019 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Lin Gu; Deze Zeng; Wei Li; Song Guo; Albert Zomaya; Hai Jin
    • Keywords: Deployment, DDPG, Latency
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +, Placement cost -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

21. NFVdeep: adaptive online service function chain deployment with deep reinforcement learning

    • Publication: IWQoS 2019 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Yikai Xiao, Qixia Zhang, Fangming Liu, Jia Wang, Miao Zhao, Zhongxing Zhang, Jiaxing Zhang
    • Keywords: Deployment, PG (Policy Gradient), Serialization and Backtracking, Time Slots
    • Objective: Energy consumption -, Acceptance rate +
    • Link: paper

22. VNE-TD: A virtual network embedding algorithm based on temporal-difference learning

    • Publication: CN 2019 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Sen Wang, Jun Bi, Jianping Wu, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, Qilin Fan
    • Keywords: Deployment, TD (Temporal Difference), GRC (Global Resource Control)
    • Objective: Long-term time-average revenue +
    • Link: ScienceDirect

23. NeuroViNE: A Neural Preprocessor for Your Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm

    • Publication: INFOCOM 2018 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Andreas Blenk; Patrick Kalmbach; Johannes Zerwas; Michael Jarschel; Stefan Schmid; Wolfgang Kellerer
    • Keywords: Deployment, Hopfield Network
    • Objective: Revenue-cost ratio +, Running time -
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

24. Virtual Network Embedding via Monte Carlo Tree Search

    • Publication: IEEE Trans on Cybernetics 2018 (CCF-B)
    • Authors: Soroush Haeri and Ljiljana Trajkovi´c
    • Keywords: Deployment, MCTS (Monte Carlo Tree Search)
    • Objective: Revenue-to-cost +, Acceptance rate +
    • Link: paper

25. Knowledge-Defined Networking

    • Publication: CCNC 2017
    • Authors: Oussama Soualah, Marouen Mechtri, Chaima Ghribi, Djamal Zeghlache
    • Keywords: Deployment, MCTS (Monte Carlo Tree Search)
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +
    • Link: paper

26. An Efficient Algorithm for Virtual Network Function Placement and Chaining

    • Publication: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 2017
    • Authors: Albert Mestres et al.
    • Keywords: Placement an so on
    • Objective: /
    • Link: paper

27. MDP and Machine Learning-Based Cost-Optimization of Dynamic Resource Allocation for Network Function Virtualization

    • Publication: SCC 2015
    • Authors: Runyu Shi; Jia Zhang; Wenjing Chu; Qihao Bao; Xiatao Jin; Chenran Gong; Qihao Zhu; Chang Yu; Steven Rosenberg
    • Keywords: Deployment, MDP, Bayesian learning
    • Objective: Acceptance rate +
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

4.4 Scheduling

1. Reliability-aware Dynamic Service Chain Scheduling in 5G Networks based on Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: INFOCOM 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Junzhong Jia; Lei Yang; Jiannong Cao
   • Keywords: Scheduling, MIIP, Reliability, Redundancy, A3C, TextCNN
     • Objective: Decide the redundancy of the Scheduling while minimizing delay
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Towards Chain-Aware Scaling Detection in NFV with Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: IWQOS 2021 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Lin He; Lis han Li; Ying Liu
   • Keywords: Scaling ,A3C
   • Objective: Cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. Management and Orchestration of Virtual Network Functions via Deep Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Joan S. Pujol Roig; David M. Gutierrez-Estevez; Deniz Gündüz
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Chaining, Actor-Critic
   • Objective: Cost -, QoS +
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. Intelligent VNF Orchestration and Flow Scheduling via Model-Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning

   • Publication: JSAC 2020 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Lin Gu, Deze Zeng, Wei Li, Song Guo, Albert Y. Zomaya, Hai Jin
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Latency-awareness, flow, DDPG (Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)
   • Objective: Maximize the overall network utility with the consideration of end-to-end delay and various cost
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

5. Virtual Network Functions Migration Cost: from Identification to Prediction

   • Publication: CN 2020 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Rafael de JesusMartins, Cristiano Bonato Both, Juliano Araújo Wickboldt, Lisandro Zambenedett iGranville
   • Keywords: Scheduling, SL, Linear regression
   • Objective: A novel architecture for orchestrating and enforcing multi-domain SFCs
   • Link: ScienceDirect

6. Deep Reinforcement Learning based VNF Management in Geo-distributed Edge Computing

   • Publication: ICDCS 2019 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Lin Gu, Deze Zeng, Wei Li, Song Guo, Albert Y. Zomaya, Hai Jin
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Latency-awareness, flow, DDPG (Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)
   • Objective: Latency -, Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

7. Study of Reconfiguration Cost and Energy Aware VNE Policies in Cycle-Stationary Traffic Scenarios

   • Publication: JASC 2016 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Tung-Wei Kuo; Bang-Heng Liou; Kate Ching-Ju Lin; Ming-Jer Tsai
   • Keywords: Deployment, Reconfiguration, Joint, Energy, Cycle-Stationary Traffic, MDP
   • Objective: Placement cost -
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4.5 Routing

1. DRL-OR: Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Online Routing for Multi-type Service Requirements

   • Publication: INFOCOM 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Chenyi Liu; Mingwei Xu; Yuan Yang; Nan Geng
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Latency, Multi-agent, PPO
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Towards Real-Time Routing Optimization with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Open Challenges

   • Publication: INFOCOM 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Paul Almasan, José Suárez-Varela, Bo Wu, Shihan Xiao, Pere Barlet-Ros, Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
   • Keywords: RL, GNN, PPO
   • Link: arXiv

3. A Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Distributed Traffic Engineering

   • Publication: ICNP 2020 (CCF-B)
   • Authors: Nan Geng; Tian Lan; Vaneet Aggarwal; Yuan Yang; Mingwei Xu
   • Keywords: Scheduling, Multi-agent, Traffic Engineering
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

4. Unveiling the potential of Graph Neural Networks for network modeling and optimization in SDN

   • Publication: SOSR 2019
   • Authors: Krzysztof Rusek, José Suárez-Varela, Albert Mestres, Pere Barlet-Ros, Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
   • Keywords: Routing, SL (Surpervised Learning), GNN
   • Link: arXiv

5. Routing or Computing? The Paradigm Shift Towards Intelligent Computer Network Packet Transmission Based on Deep Learning

   • Publication: TC 2019 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Bomin Mao; Zubair Md. Fadlullah; Fengxiao Tang; Nei Kato; Osamu Akashi; Takeru Inoue; Kimihiro Mizutani
   • Keywords: Routing, SL (Surpervised Learning)
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

6. Learning to Route

   • Publication: HotNets 2017
   • Authors: Asaf Valadarsky, Michael Schapira, Dafna Shahaf, Aviv Tamar
   • Keywords: Route, RL
   • Objective: Automatically generate "good" routing configurations
   • Link: paper

5. Other and Unclassified

Here are two types of papers: one is related to other topics of NFV and SDN and waiting to be classified; the other is the latest research work collected from arXiv.

1. KPI Guarantees in Network Slicing

   • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A) (Early Access)
   • Authors: Jorge Martín-Pérez; Francesco Malandrino; Carla Fabiana Chiasserini; Milan Groshev; Carlos J. Bernardos
   • Keywords: Performance
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

2. Dynamic Network Security Function Enforcement via Joint Flow and Function Scheduling

   • Publication: TIFS 2022 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Qi Li; Xinhao Deng; Zhuotao Liu; Yuan Yang; Xiaoyue Zou; Qian Wang; Mingwei Xu; Jianping Wu
   • Keywords: Security
   • Link: IEEE Xplore

3. The Greatest Teacher, Failure is: Using Reinforcement Learning for SFC Placement Based on Availability and Energy Consumption

   • Authors: Guto Leoni Santos, Theo Lynn, Judith Kelner, Patricia Takako Endo
   • Link: arXiv

4. Learning based E2E Energy Efficient in Joint Radio and NFV Resource Allocation for 5G and Beyond Networks

   • Authors: Narges Gholipoor, Ali Nouruzi, Shima Salarhosseini, Mohammad Reza Javan, Nader Mokari, Eduard A. Jorswieck
   • Link: arXiv

5. When SRv6 meets 5G Core: Implementation and Deployment of a Network Service Chaining Function in SmartNICs

   • Authors: Guilherme Matos, Fabio Luciano Verdi, Luis Miguel Contreras, Leandro C. de Almeida
   • Link: arXiv

6. End-to-End Delay Guaranteed SFC Deployment: A Multi-level Mapping Approach

   • Authors: Fatemeh Yaghoubpour, Bahador Bakhshi, Fateme Seifi
   • Link: arXiv

7. Service Function Chaining in MEC: A Mean-Field Game and Reinforcement Learning Approach

   • Authors: Amine Abouaomar, Soumaya Cherkaoui, Zoubeir Mlika, Abdellatif Kobbane
   • Link: arXiv

8. Automated SmartNIC Offloading Insights for Network Functions

   • Publication: SOSP 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Yiming Qiu, Jiarong Xing, Kuo-Feng Hsu, Qiao Kang, Ming Liu, Srinivas Narayana, Ang Chen
   • Keywords: Offloading
   • Link: ACM DL

9. Bento: safely bringing network function virtualization to Tor

   • Publication: SIGCOMM 2021 (CCF-A)
   • Authors: Michael Reininger, Arushi Arora, Stephen Herwig, Nicholas Francino, Jayson Hurst, Christina Garman, Dave Levin
   • Keywords: Programmable
   • Link: ACM DL

10. vSFC: Generic and Agile Verification of Service Function Chains in the Cloud

    • Publication: TON 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Xiaoli Zhang; Qi Li; Zeyu Zhang; Jianping Wu; Jiahai Yang
    • Keywords: Verification
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

11. Performance Modeling of Softwarized Network Services Based on Queuing Theory With Experimental Validation

    • Publication: TMC 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Jonathan Prados-Garzon; Pablo Ameigeiras; Juan J. Ramos-Munoz; Jorge Navarro-Ortiz; Pilar Andres-Maldonado; Juan M. Lopez-Soler
    • Keywords: Performance
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

12. Leveraging Network Functions Virtualization Orchestrators to Achieve Software-Defined Access Control in the Clouds

    • Publication: TDSC 2021 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Montida Pattaranantakul; Ruan He; Zonghua Zhang; Ahmed Meddahi; Ping Wang
    • Keywords: Security
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

13. Contention-Aware Performance Prediction For Virtualized Network Functions

    • Publication: SIGCOMM 2020 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Antonis Manousis, Rahul Anand Sharma, Vyas Sekar, Justine Sherry
    • Keywords: Performance
    • Link: ACM DL

14. Fault Tolerant Service Function Chaining

    • Publication: SIGCOMM 2020 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Milad Ghaznavi, Elaheh Jalalpour, Bernard Wong, Raouf Boutaba, Ali José Mashtizadeh
    • Keywords: Fault-tolerant
    • Link: ACM DL

15. Looking Glass of NFV: Inferring the Structure and State of NFV Network From External Observations

    • Publication: TON 2020 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Yilei Lin; Ting He; Shiqiang Wang; Kevin Chan; Stephen Pasteris
    • Keywords: Framework
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

16. Adding Support for Automatic Enforcement of Security Policies in NFV Networks

    • Publication: TON 2019 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Cataldo Basile; Fulvio Valenza; Antonio Lioy; Diego R. Lopez; Antonio Pastor Perales
    • Keywords: Security
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

17. Automated synthesis of adversarial workloads for network functions

    • Publication: SIGCOMM 2018 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Luis Pedrosa, Rishabh Iyer, Arseniy Zaostrovnykh, Jonas Fietz, Katerina Argyraki
    • Keywords: Adversarial workloads
    • Link: ACM DL

18. Design, Implementation and Verification of Cloud Architecture for Monitoring a Virtual Machine's Security Health

    • Publication: TC 2018 (CCF-A)
    • Authors: Tianwei Zhang; Ruby B. Lee
    • Keywords: Security
    • Link: IEEE Xplore

Contributing

😃Favorably receive that submit relevant papers to this repository in the appropriate format:

# Exemples

## A template of the survey / analysis

1. **Recent Advances of Resource Allocation in Network Function Virtualization**

- `Publication`: TPDS 2021 (**CCF-A**)
- `Authors`: Song Yang, Fan Li, Stojan Trajanovski, Ramin Yahyapour, Xiaoming Fu
- `Link`: [IEEE Xplore](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9169857)

## A template of the research paper

1. **An Online Algorithm for VNF Service Chain Scaling in Datacenters**

- `Publication`: TON 2020 (**CCF-A**)
- `Authors`: Ziyue Luo, Chuan Wu
- `Keywords`: Scheduling, Deployment, ILP (Integer Linear Program), Regularization, Rounding
- `Objective`: Minimize the operating cost and deployment cost
- `Link`: [paper](https://i.cs.hku.hk/~cwu/papers/zyluo-ton19.pdf)

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