ahdinosaur / Solarmonk
energy powered by the sun ☀️
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solarmonk
energy powered by the sun ☀️
safely store energy in a battery 🔋
safely use excess load energy to power 5v devices ⚡
have fun! 🎉
TODO
- [x] get solar panel
- [x] get battery
- [ ] 12v -> 5v converter
- [x] read battery charge
- [x] display battery charge
- [ ] control discharge
components
solar panel (with built-in charge controller)
120w maxray folding solar panel
- Max Power: 120W
- Maximum Power Tolerance: ±3%
- Open-Circuit Voltage/Voc（V): 17.5V
- Short-Circuit Current/lsc（A): 9.42
- Max Power Voltage/Vmp（V): 14.0
- Max Power Current/lmp（A): 8.57
- Power Spectications at STC: 1000w/㎡，AM1.5,CELL25℃
- Max System Voltage（V) 1000
- Max Over Current Protecting Rating（A): 15
- Weight: 12.6kg
battery
12v - 85Ah deep cycle flooded lead acid battery
voltage must not drop below 11v
fully charged is 12.6v to 12.8v
| State of Charge (approx.) | 12 Volt Battery | Volts per Cell |
|---|---|---|
| 100% | 12.70 | 2.12 |
| 90% | 12.50 | 2.08 |
| 80% | 12.42 | 2.07 |
| 70% | 12.32 | 2.05 |
| 60% | 12.20 | 2.03 |
| 50% | 12.06 | 2.01 |
| 40% | 11.90 | 1.98 |
| 30% | 11.75 | 1.96 |
| 20% | 11.58 | 1.93 |
| 10% | 11.31 | 1.89 |
| 0 | 10.50 | 1.75 |
battery charge reader
- BTE14-04 betamcu.cn Arduino Uno R3 Compatible
- "DF Robot" LCD Keypad Shield
- R1 resistor = 10k ohms
- R2 resistor = 820 ohms
- ceramic capacitor = 100nF
- schottky diode
12v 5v 5v
│ │ |
R1 ⏄ ┌───┴───┐
│ │ │ │
├────┼────┬────┤A1 │
│ │ │ │ │
R2 ⏄ ═ │arduino│
│ │ │ └───────┘
⏚ ⏚ ⏚
battery discharge controller
to ensure the battery is never over-discharged, we should cut off extra power when the battery reaches a low enough voltage.
TODO
what we need is something like this
given time constraints, i wonder if this or this works?
12v to 5v step-down (buck) converter
step down dc-dc 9A converter (constant volts or constant amps), 5~40v input & 1.5~35v out
calculations
resistive divider
to measure the battery voltage on the microcontroller, we divide the voltage using resistors:
given
- adc input impedence = 10k ohms
- adc reference voltage = 1.1V
- max battery voltage = 14V + wiggle room = ~15V
so R1 = adc input impedence = 10k ohms
(want to be as high as possible to reduce current)
calculate
R2 = R1 * (1 / ((Vin / Vout) - 1))
= Rinput_impedence * (1 / ((Vmax_bat / Vref) - 1))
= 10e3 * (1 / ((15 / 1.1) - 1))
= 791.37
~= 820 ohms
smoothing capacitor
TODO
to stabilize the measurements, we use a capacitor to smooth the values:
(1 / (PI * R1 * C)) = ~100 hz or ~10hz (?)
C = 100nF
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