TinyTuya

Python module to interface with Tuya WiFi smart devices

Description

This python module controls and reads state of Tuya compatible WiFi Smart Devices (Plugs, Switches, Lights, Window Covers, etc.) using the local area network (LAN) or the cloud (TuyaCloud API). This is a compatible replacement for the pytuya PyPi module.

Tuya devices are designed to communicate with the TuyaCloud but most also expose a local area network API. This allows us to directly control the devices without using the cloud. This python module provides a way to poll status and issue commands to these devices.

Starting with v1.3.0, TinyTuya can also connect to the Tuya Cloud to poll status and issue commands to Tuya devices.

    # Example Usage of TinyTuya
    import tinytuya

    d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)
    data = d.status() 
    print('Device status: %r' % data)

NOTE: Devices need to be activated by Smart Life App.

TinyTuya Installation

TinyTuya supports python versions 2.7 and 3.x (recommended).

  # Install TinyTuya
  python -m pip install tinytuya

Pip will attempt to install pycryptodome, requests and colorama if not already installed.

Tuya Device Preparation

Controlling and monitoring Tuya devices on your network requires the following:

• Address - The network address (IPv4) of the device e.g. 10.0.1.100
• Device ID - The unique identifier for the Tuya device
• Version - The Tuya protocol version used (3.1 or 3.3)
• Local_Key - The security key required to access the Tuya device.

Network Scanner

TinyTuya has a built in network scanner that can be used to find Tuya Devices on your local network. It will show Address, Device ID and Version for each device.

python -m tinytuya scan

Setup Wizard - Getting Local Keys

TinyTuya has a built-in setup Wizard that uses the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform to generate a JSON list (devices.json) of all your registered devices, including secret Local_Key and Name of your devices. Follow the steps below:

1. PAIR - Download the Smart Life App or Tuya Smart App, available for iPhone or Android. Pair all of your Tuya devices (this is important as you cannot access a device that has not been paired).

2. SCAN - Run the TinyTuya scan to get a list of Tuya devices on your network. It will show device Address, Device ID and Version number (3.1 or 3.3):

   python -m tinytuya scan

   NOTE: You will need to use one of the displayed Device IDs for step 4.

3. TUYA ACCOUNT - Set up a Tuya Account (see PDF Instructions):

   • Create a Tuya Developer account on iot.tuya.com and log in. NOTE: Tuya makes changes to their portal and this process frequently so details may vary. Please create an issue or pull request with screenshots if we need to update these instructions.
   • Click on "Cloud" icon -> "Create Cloud Project"
     1. Remember the "Data Center" you select. This will be used by TinyTuya Wizard (screenshot).
     2. Skip the configuration wizard but remember the Authorization Key: API ID and Secret for below (screenshot).
   • Click on "Cloud" icon -> Select your project -> Devices -> Link Tuya App Account (see screenshot)
   • Click Add App Account (screenshot) and it will display a QR code. Scan the QR code with the Smart Life app on your Phone (see step 1 above) by going to the "Me" tab in the Smart Life app and clicking on the QR code button [..] in the upper right hand corner of the app. When you scan the QR code, it will link all of the devices registered in your Smart Life app into your Tuya IoT project.
   • NO DEVICES? If no devices show up after scanning the QR code, you will need to select a different data center and edit your project (or create a new one) until you see your paired devices from the Smart Life App show up. (screenshot). The data center may not be the most logical. As an example, some in the UK have reported needing to select "Central Europe" instead of "Western Europe".
   • SERVICE API: Under "Service API" ensure these APIs are listed: IoT Core, Authorization and Smart Home Scene Linkage. To be sure, click subscribe again on every service. Very important: disable popup blockers otherwise subscribing won't work without providing any indication of a failure. Make sure you authorize your Project to use those APIs:
     • Click "Service API" tab
     • Click "Go to Authorize" button
     • Select the API Groups from the dropdown and click Subscribe (screenshot)

4. WIZARD - Run Setup Wizard:

   • Tuya has changed their data center regions. Make sure you are using the latest version of TinyTuya (v1.2.10 or newer).
   • From your Linux/Mac/Win PC run the TinyTuya Setup Wizard to fetch the Local_Keys for all of your registered devices:

     python -m tinytuya wizard   # use -nocolor for non-ANSI-color terminals e.g. Windows cmd

   • The Wizard will prompt you for the API ID key, API Secret, API Region (cn, us, us-e, eu, eu-w, or in) from your Tuya IoT project as set in Step 3 above.
     • To find those again, go to iot.tuya.com, choose your project and click Overview
       • API Key: Access ID/Client ID
       • API Secret: Access Secret/Client Secret
   • It will also ask for a sample Device ID. Use one from step 2 above or found in the Device List on your Tuya IoT project.
   • The Wizard will poll the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform and print a JSON list of all your registered devices with the "name", "id" and "key" of your registered device(s). The "key"s in this list are the Devices' Local_Key you will use to access your device.
   • In addition to displaying the list of devices, Wizard will create a local file devices.json that TinyTuya will use to provide additional details for scan results from tinytuya.deviceScan() or when running python -m tinytuya scan. The wizard also creates a local file tuya-raw.json that contains the entire payload from Tuya Cloud.
   • The Wizard will ask if you want to poll all the devices. If you do, it will display the status of all devices on record and create a snapshot.json file with these results.

Notes:

• If you ever reset or re-pair your smart devices, the Local_Key will be reset and you will need to repeat the steps above.
• The TinyTuya Wizard was inspired by the TuyAPI CLI which is an alternative way to fetch the Local_Keys: npm i @tuyapi/cli -g and run tuya-cli wizard

Programming with TinyTuya

After importing tinytuya, you create a device handle for the device you want to read or control. Here is an example for a Tuya smart switch or plug:

    import tinytuya

    d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)

    # Get Status
    data = d.status() 
    print('set_status() result %r' % data)

    # Turn On
    d.turn_on()

TinyTuya Module Classes and Functions

Global Functions
    devices = deviceScan()             # Returns dictionary of devices found on local network
    scan()                             # Interactive scan of local network
    wizard()                           # Interactive setup wizard
    set_debug(toggle, color)           # Activate verbose debugging output

Classes
    OutletDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')
    CoverDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')
    BulbDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')
        dev_id (str): Device ID e.g. 01234567891234567890
        address (str): Device Network IP Address e.g. 10.0.1.99 or 0.0.0.0 to auto-find
        local_key (str, optional): The encryption key. Defaults to None.
        dev_type (str): Device type for payload options (see below)
    Cloud(apiRegion, apiKey, apiSecret, apiDeviceID, new_sign_algorithm)


Functions:

  Configuration Settings: 

    set_version(version)               # Set device version 3.1 [default] or 3.3 (all new devices)
    set_socketPersistent(False/True)   # Keep connect open with device: False [default] or True
    set_socketNODELAY(False/True)      # Add cooldown period for slow Tuya devices: False or True [default]
    set_socketRetryLimit(integer)      # Set retry count limit [default 5]
    set_socketTimeout(s)               # Set connection timeout in seconds [default 5]
    set_dpsUsed(dpsUsed)               # Set data points (DPs) to expect (rarely needed)
    set_retry(retry=True)              # Force retry if response payload is truncated
    set_sendWait(num_secs)             # Seconds to wait after sending for a response
    set_bulb_type(type):               # For BulbDevice, set type to A, B or C

  Device Commands:

    status()                           # Fetch status of device (json payload)
    detect_available_dps()             # Return list of DPS available from device
    set_status(on, switch=1, nowait)   # Control status of the device to 'on' or 'off' (bool)
                                       # nowait (default False) True to send without waiting for response
    set_value(index, value, nowait)    # Send and set value of any DPS/index on device.
    heartbeat(nowait)                  # Send heartbeat to device
    updatedps(index=[1], nowait)       # Send updatedps command to device to refresh DPS values
    turn_on(switch=1, nowait)          # Turn on device / switch #
    turn_off(switch=1, nowait)         # Turn off device
    set_timer(num_secs, nowait)        # Set timer for num_secs on devices (if supported)
    generate_payload(command, data)    # Generate TuyaMessage payload for command with data
    send(payload)                      # Send payload to device (do not wait for response)
    receive()                          # Receive payload from device

    OutletDevice:
        set_dimmer(percentage):
        
    CoverDevice:
        open_cover(switch=1):  
        close_cover(switch=1):
        stop_cover(switch=1):

    BulbDevice
        set_colour(r, g, b, nowait):
        set_hsv(h, s, v, nowait):
        set_white(brightness, colourtemp, nowait):
        set_white_percentage(brightness=100, colourtemp=0, nowait):
        set_brightness(brightness, nowait):
        set_brightness_percentage(brightness=100, nowait):
        set_colourtemp(colourtemp, nowait):
        set_colourtemp_percentage(colourtemp=100, nowait):
        set_scene(scene, nowait):             # 1=nature, 3=rave, 4=rainbow
        set_mode(mode='white', nowait):       # white, colour, scene, music
        result = brightness():
        result = colourtemp():
        (r, g, b) = colour_rgb():
        (h,s,v) = colour_hsv():
        result = state():
    
    Cloud
        setregion(apiRegion)
        getdevices(verbose=False)
        getstatus(deviceid)
        getfunctions(deviceid)
        getproperties(deviceid)
        getdps(deviceid)
        sendcommand(deviceid, commands)

TinyTuya Error Codes

Starting with v1.2.0 TinyTuya functions will return error details in the JSON data responses instead of raising exceptions. The format for this response:

{ "Error":"Invalid JSON Payload", "Err":"900", "Payload":"{Tuya Message}" }

The "Err" number will be one of these:

• 900 (ERR_JSON) - Invalid JSON Response from Device
• 901 (ERR_CONNECT) - Network Error: Unable to Connect
• 902 (ERR_TIMEOUT) - Timeout Waiting for Device
• 903 (ERR_RANGE) - Specified Value Out of Range
• 904 (ERR_PAYLOAD) - Unexpected Payload from Device
• 905 (ERR_OFFLINE) - Network Error: Device Unreachable
• 906 (ERR_STATE) - Device in Unknown State
• 907 (ERR_FUNCTION) - Function Not Supported by Device
• 908 (ERR_DEVTYPE) - Device22 Detected: Retry Command
• 909 (ERR_CLOUDKEY) - Missing Tuya Cloud Key and Secret
• 910 (ERR_CLOUDRESP) - Invalid JSON Response from Cloud
• 911 (ERR_CLOUDTOKEN) - Unable to Get Cloud Token
• 912 (ERR_PARAMS) - Missing Function Parameters
• 913 (ERR_CLOUD) - Error Response from Tuya Cloud

Example Usage

See the sample python script test.py for an OutletDevice example or look in the examples directory for other scripts.

    import tinytuya

    """
    OUTLET Device
    """
    d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)
    data = d.status()  

    # Show status and state of first controlled switch on device
    print('Dictionary %r' % data)
    print('State (bool, true is ON) %r' % data['dps']['1'])  

    # Toggle switch state
    switch_state = data['dps']['1']
    data = d.set_status(not switch_state)  # This requires a valid key
    if data:
        print('set_status() result %r' % data)

    # On a switch that has 4 controllable ports, turn the fourth OFF (1 is the first)
    data = d.set_status(False, 4)
    if data:
        print('set_status() result %r' % data)
        print('set_status() extra %r' % data[20:-8])

    """
    RGB Bulb Device
    """
    import time

    d = tinytuya.BulbDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)  # IMPORTANT to set this regardless of version
    d.set_socketPersistent(True)  # Optional: Keep socket open for multiple commands
    data = d.status()

    # Show status of first controlled switch on device
    print('Dictionary %r' % data)

    # Set to RED Color - set_colour(r, g, b):
    d.set_colour(255,0,0)  

    # Cycle through the Rainbow
    rainbow = {"red": [255, 0, 0], "orange": [255, 127, 0], "yellow": [255, 200, 0],
              "green": [0, 255, 0], "blue": [0, 0, 255], "indigo": [46, 43, 95],
              "violet": [139, 0, 255]}
    for color in rainbow:
        [r, g, b] = rainbow[color]
        d.set_colour(r, g, b, nowait=True)  # nowait = Go fast don't wait for response
        time.sleep(0.25)

    # Brightness: Type A devices range = 25-255 and Type B = 10-1000
    d.set_brightness(1000)

    # Set to White - set_white(brightness, colourtemp):
    #    colourtemp: Type A devices range = 0-255 and Type B = 0-1000
    d.set_white(1000,10)

    # Set Bulb to Scene Mode
    d.set_mode('scene')

    # Scene Example: Set Color Rotation Scene
    d.set_value(25, '07464602000003e803e800000000464602007803e803e80000000046460200f003e803e800000000464602003d03e803e80000000046460200ae03e803e800000000464602011303e803e800000000')

Example Device Monitor

You can set up a persistent connection to a device and then monitor the state changes with a continual loop. This is helpful for troubleshooting and discovering DPS values.

import tinytuya

d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICEID', 'DEVICEIP', 'DEVICEKEY')
d.set_version(3.3)
d.set_socketPersistent(True)

print(" > Send Request for Status < ")
payload = d.generate_payload(tinytuya.DP_QUERY)
d.send(payload)

print(" > Begin Monitor Loop <")
while(True):
    # See if any data is available
    data = d.receive()
    print('Received Payload: %r' % data)

    # Send keyalive heartbeat
    print(" > Send Heartbeat Ping < ")
    payload = d.generate_payload(tinytuya.HEART_BEAT)
    d.send(payload)

    # NOTE If you are not seeing updates, you can force them - uncomment:
    # print(" > Send Request for Status < ")
    # payload = d.generate_payload(tinytuya.DP_QUERY)
    # d.send(payload)

    # NOTE Some smart plugs require an UPDATEDPS command to update power data
    # print(" > Send DPS Update Request < ")
    # payload = d.generate_payload(tinytuya.UPDATEDPS)
    # d.send(payload)    

Tuya Cloud Access

You can poll and manage Tuya devices using the Cloud class and functions.

import tinytuya

# Connect to Tuya Cloud
# c = tinytuya.Cloud()  # uses tinytuya.json 
c = tinytuya.Cloud(
        apiRegion="us", 
        apiKey="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", 
        apiSecret="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", 
        apiDeviceID="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxID")

# Display list of devices
devices = c.getdevices()
print("Device List: %r" % devices)

# Select a Device ID to Test
id = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxID"

# Display Properties of Device
result = c.getproperties(id)
print("Properties of device:\n", result)

# Display Status of Device
result = c.getstatus(id)
print("Status of device:\n", result)

# Send Command - Turn on switch
commands = {
	'commands': [{
		'code': 'switch_1',
		'value': True
	}, {
		'code': 'countdown_1',
		'value': 0
	}]
}
print("Sending command...")
result = c.sendcommand(id,commands)
print("Results\n:", result)

Encryption notes

These devices uses AES encryption which is not available in the Python standard library. There are three options:

1. PyCryptodome (recommended)
2. PyCrypto
3. pyaes (note Python 2.x support requires ricmoo/pyaes#13)

Command Line

    python -m tinytuya [command] [<max_retry>] [-nocolor] [-h]

      command = scan        Scan local network for Tuya devices.
      command = wizard      Launch Setup Wizard to get Tuya Local KEYs.
      command = devices     Scan all devices listed in devices.json file.
      command = snapshot    Scan devices listed in snapshot.json file.
      command = json        Scan devices listed in snapshot.json file [JSON].
      max_retry             Maximum number of retries to find Tuya devices [Default=15]
      -nocolor              Disable color text output.
      -force                Force network scan for device IP addresses.
      -h                    Show usage.

Scan Tool

The function tinytuya.scan() will listen to your local network (UDP 6666 and 6667) and identify Tuya devices broadcasting their Address, Device ID, Product ID and Version and will print that and their stats to stdout. This can help you get a list of compatible devices on your network. The tinytuya.deviceScan() function returns all found devices and their stats (via dictionary result).

You can run the scanner from the command line using these interactive commands:

# Listen for Tuya Devices and match to devices.json if available
python -m tinytuya scan

# The above creates a snapshot.json file with IP addresses for devices
# You can use this command to get a rapid poll of status of all devices
python -m tinytuya snapshot

# The sames thing as above but with a non-interactive JSON response
python -m tinytuya json

# List all register devices discovered from Wizard and poll them
python -m tinytuya devices

By default, the scan functions will retry 15 times to find new devices. If you are not seeing all your devices, you can increase max_retries by passing an optional arguments (eg. 50 retries):

# command line
python -m tinytuya scan 50

# invoke verbose interactive scan
tinytuya.scan(50)

# return payload of devices
devices = tinytuya.deviceScan(false, 50)

Troubleshooting

• Tuya devices only allow one TCP connection at a time. Make sure you close the TuyaSmart or SmartLife app before using TinyTuya to connect.
• Some devices ship with older firmware that may not work with TinyTuya. If you're experiencing issues, please try updating the device's firmware in the official app.
• The LOCAL KEY for Tuya devices will change every time a device is removed and re-added to the TuyaSmart app. If you're getting decrypt errors, try getting the key again as it might have changed.
• Devices running protocol version 3.1 (e.g. below Firmware 1.0.5) do not require a device Local_Key to read the status. Both 3.1 and 3.3 devices will require a device Local_Key to control the device.
• Some devices with 22 character IDs will require additional setting to poll correctly - here is an example:

    a = tinytuya.OutletDevice('here_is_my_key', '192.168.x.x', 'secret_key_here', 'device22')
    a.set_version(3.3)
    a.set_dpsUsed({"1": None})  # This needs to be a datapoint available on the device
    data =  a.status()
    print(data)

• Windows 10 Users - TinyTuya wizard and scan interactive tools use ANSI color. This will work correctly in PowerShell but will show cryptic escape codes when run in Windows CMD. You can fix this by using the -nocolor option on tinytuya, or by changing the Windows CMD console registry to process ANSI escape codes by doing something like this:

  reg add HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Console /v VirtualTerminalLevel /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000001 /f
  

Tuya Data Points - DPS Table

The Tuya devices send back data points (DPS) also called device function points, in a json string. The DPS attributes define the state of the device. Each key in the DPS dictionary refers to key value pair, the key is the DP ID and its value is the dpValue. You can refer to the Tuya developer platform for definition of function points for the products.

The following table represents several of the standard Tuya DPS values and their properties. It represents data compiled from Tuya documentation and self-discovery. Devices may vary. Feedback or additional data would would be appreciated. Please submit a Issue or Pull Request if you have additional data that would be helpful for others.

To find Tuya DPS for devices not listed below, you can discover the DPS values using the Tuya IoT platform. See this help here: Find your Data Point.

DPS Read and Set Example:

# Read Value of DPS 25
data = d.status()  
print("Value of DPS 25 is ", data['dps']['25'])

# Set Value of DPS 25
d.set_value(25, '010e0d0000000000000003e803e8')

Version 3.1 Devices

Version 3.1 - Plug or Switch Type

Version 3.1 - Light Type (RGB)

Version 3.3 Devices

Version 3.3 - Plug, Switch, Power Strip Type

Version 3.3 - Dimmer Switch

Version 3.3 - Light Type (RGB)

Version 3.3 - Automated Curtain Type

Version 3.3 - Fan Switch Type

Version 3.3 - Universal IR Controller with optional Temp/Humidity

# The IR Commands JSON has the following format:
command = {
    "control": "send_ir",
    "head": "",
    "key1": "[[TO_BE_REPLACED]]",
    "type": 0,
    "delay": 300
}
# Sending the IR command:
payload = d.generate_payload(tinytuya.CONTROL, {"201": json.dumps(command)})
d.send(payload)

The key1 attribute is a base64 string that contains the IR signal. You can extract it using this procedure:

1. Register a new IR device on Tuya Smart / Smart Life app (if not registered already) and map, setup or import your buttons.
2. Tap multiple times on the button you wish to control.
3. Go to Tuya IoT Platform and select your app under Cloud > Development section.
4. Go to to the Device tab and select "Debug Device" on the parent device. Browse Device Logs section and retrieve the key1 attribute that matches your tapping timestamp from step 2 above. Use that key1 attribute in the payload example above.

You need to repeat these steps for each button (cloud logging is not always sequential).

Version 3.3 - Sensor Type

Important Note: Battery-powered Tuya sensors are usually designed to stay in sleep mode until a state change (eg.open or close alert). This means you will not be able to poll these devices except in the brief moment they awake, connect to the WiFi and send their state update payload the the Tuya Cloud. Keep in mind that if you manage to poll the device enough to keep it awake, you will likely quickly drain the battery.

NOTE (*) - The range can vary depending on the device. As an example, for dimmers, it may be 10-1000 or 25-255.

Version 3.3 - Robot Mower Type

Reference pymoebot for further definition.

Version 3.3 - 24v Thermostat (i.e. PCT513-TY)

NOTE (*) - Depending on the firmware, either 18/19/20/26/27 or 108/109/110/111/x are used, not both

For info on the Sensor Data lists, see #139

Tuya References

• Tuya Hardware Development - Protocol: https://developer.tuya.com/en/docs/iot/device-development/embedded-software-development/mcu-development-access/wifi-mcu-sdk-solution/tuya-cloud-universal-serial-port-access-protocol?id=K9hhi0xxtn9cb
• TuyaMCU listing of Tuya DP IDs: https://tasmota.github.io/docs/TuyaMCU/#switches-or-plugspower-strips

Credits

• TuyAPI https://github.com/codetheweb/tuyapi by codetheweb and blackrozes. Protocol reverse engineering from jepsonrob and clach04.
• PyTuya https://github.com/clach04/python-tuya by clach04. The origin of this python module (now abandoned). Thanks to nijave for pycryptodome support and testing, Exilit for unittests and docstrings, mike-gracia for improved Python version support, samuscherer for RGB Bulb support, magneticflux for improved Python version support, sean6541 for initial PyPi package and Home Assistant support https://github.com/sean6541/tuya-homeassistant, ziirish - for resolving a dependency problem related to version numbers at install time
• https://github.com/rospogrigio/localtuya-homeassistant by rospogrigio. Updated pytuya to support devices with Device IDs of 22 characters

Related Projects

• https://github.com/sean6541/tuyaapi Python API to the web api
• https://github.com/codetheweb/tuyapi node.js
• https://github.com/Marcus-L/m4rcus.TuyaCore - .NET
• https://github.com/SDNick484/rectec_status/ - RecTec pellet smokers control (with Alexa skill)
• https://github.com/TradeFace/tuyaface - Python Async Tuya API

TinyTuya Powered Projects

Please feel free to submit a PR or open an issue to add your project.

• https://github.com/mafrosis/tinytuya2mqtt - A bridge between TinyTuya and Home Assistant via MQTT
• https://github.com/Whytey/pymoebot - A Python library intended to monitor and control the MoeBot robotic lawn mowers.