Troilus

PLEASE NOTE that the development has been stopped. This project will be removed

Discussion group: Troilus discussion group

Troilus is a high level Cassandra Java client on the top of the DataStax Java Driver for Apache Cassandra. It supports synchronous programming and asynchronous programming.

The main features of Troilus are

providing a Java8-based Interface as well as a Java7-based interface (module troilus-core-java7)
Supporting sync as well as async programming
reactive streams support
(Entity) Bean-Mapping support for tables and user defined data types (incl. mapping support of generic artefacts such as Java8/Guava Optional and Guava ImmutableCollections)
Build-in data swap check
Build-in prepared statement management
Implementation support for data-related constraint checks (mandatory fields, more complex data swap validation checks, …)

#Maven

Java8-based

<dependency>
	<groupId>net.oneandone.troilus</groupId>
	<artifactId>troilus-core</artifactId>
	<version>0.18</version>
</dependency>

Java7-based

<dependency>
	<groupId>net.oneandone.troilus</groupId>
	<artifactId>troilus-core-java7</artifactId>
	<version>0.18</version>
</dependency>

#Examples

##Create a Dao First a DataStax Java Driver Session object has to be created

Cluster cluster = Cluster.builder()
                         .addContactPoint(node)
                         .build();
Session session = cluster.connect("ks_hotel_reservation_system");

This Session object will be used to create a new instance of a Dao. In the examples below the hotels table is used

Dao hotelsDao = new DaoImpl(session, "hotels");

Pre-configured dao

Dao hotelsDao = new DaoImpl(session, "hotels")
                          .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.LOCAL_QUORUM);

Please consider that creating the initial DaoImpl instance is a relatively expensive operation. For instance the underlying table structure will be loaded to get some meta data. Furthermore internal caches such as the prepared statement cache will be fresh. This is not true by calling the with... methods which returns a Dao instance. In this case the meta data, caches, etc. of the initially Dao will be inherited.

For this reason avoid creating the DaoImpl instance again and again. Typically a new DaoImpl instance will be created within the initialization phase of the program (may be in a lazy manner).

##Write Write a row in a column-oriented way

hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id", "BUP932432")
         .value("name", "City Budapest")
         .value("room_ids", ImmutableSet.of("1", "2", "3", "122", "123", "124", "322", "333"))
         .value("classification", ClassifierEnum.FOUR)
         .withWritetime(microsSinceEpoch)
         .execute();

Write a row in an entity-oriented way.

hotel = new Hotel("BUP14334", 
                  "Richter Panzio",
       	          ImmutableSet.of("1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
                  Optional.of(ClassifierEnum.TWO),
                  Optional.empty());

hotelsDao.writeEntity(hotel)
         .execute();

The columns will be mapped by using @Field annotated fields. The JEE @Column annotation is also supported for compatibility reasons. However, the name field is supported only

public class Hotel  {
   
    @Field(name = "id")
    private String id = null;
    
    @Field(name = "name")
    private String name = null;

    @Field(name = "room_ids")
    private ImmutableSet<String> roomIds = ImmutableSet.of();

    @Field(name = "classification")
    private Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification = Optional.empty();
    
    @Field(name = "description")
    private Optional<String> description = Optional.empty();

    @Field(name = "phone")
    private Optional<String> phone = Optional.empty();

    
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private Hotel() { }
    
    public Hotel(String id, 
                 String name, 
                 ImmutableSet<String> roomIds,  
                 Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification, 
                 Optional<String> description,
                 Optional<String> phone) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.roomIds = roomIds;
        this.classification = classification;
        this.description = description;
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public ImmutableSet<String> getRoomIds() {
        return roomIds;
    }

    public Optional<ClassifierEnum> getClassification() {
        return classification;
    }

    public Optional<String> getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public Optional<String> getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
}

updating values

hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id","BUP932432")
         .value("description", "The City Budapest is in the business district on the Pest side of the river.")
         .execute();

removing values

hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id","BUP932432")
         .value("description", Optional.empty())  
         .execute();

hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id","BUP932432")
         .value("description", null)  
         .execute();

value update based on where conditions

hotelsDao.writeWhere(QueryBuilder.in("id", "BUP932432", "BUP233544", "BUP2433"))
         .value("classification", ClassifierEnum.FOUR)
         .execute();

Collections support

add an entry to a set

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .addSetValue("emails", "[email protected]")           
        .execute();

remove an entry from a set

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .removeSetValue("emails", "[email protected]")           
        .execute();

append an entry to the end of the list

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .appendListValue("top_places", "london")           
        .execute();

prepend an entry to the top of the list

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .prependListValue("top_places", "paris")           
        .execute();

delete an entry from a list

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .removeListValue("top_places", "london")           
        .execute();

put an entry to a map

usersDao.writeWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .putMapValue("todo", "2015-9-24" : "fix bug")           
        .execute();

remove an entry from a set (delete has to be used instead of write)

usersDao.deleteWithKey(UsersTable.USER_ID, "3f9ac8c0-d3aa-11e5-ab30-625662870761")
        .removeMapValue("todo", "2015-9-24")           
        .execute();

##Delete

hotelsDao.deleteWithKey("id", "BUP932432")
         .execute();

lightweight transactions

transaction-safe, unique insert with ifNotExists()(will perform the insertion only, if the row does not already exist)

try {
   hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id", "BUP932432")
            .value("name", "City Budapest")
            .value("room_ids", ImmutableSet.of("1", "2", "3", "122", "123", "124", "322", "333"))
            .value("classification", ClassifierEnum.FOUR)
            .withWritetime(microsSinceEpoch)
            .ifNotExists()
            .withSerialConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.SERIAL)
            .execute();
         
} catch (IfConditionException ice) {
   // ...
}

transaction-safe, conditional update with onlyIf(..conditions..) (uses IF followed by a condition to be met for the update to succeed)

try {
   hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id", "BUP932432")
            .value("name" "Budapest City")
            .onlyIf(QueryBuilder.eq("name", "City Budapest"))
            .withSerialConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.SERIAL)
            .execute();
                                 
} catch (IfConditionException ice) {
   // ...
}

transaction-safe, conditional delete with onlyIf(..conditions..) (uses IF followed by a condition to be met for the update to succeed)

try {
   hotelsDao.deleteWithKey("id","BUP932432")
            .onlyIf(QueryBuilder.eq("name", "Budapest City"))
            .withSerialConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.SERIAL)
            .execute();
                                
} catch (IfConditionException ice) {
   // ...
}

transaction-safe delete with ifExists

try {
   hotelsDao.deleteWithKey("id","BUP932432")
            .ifExists()
            .withSerialConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.SERIAL)
            .execute();
                                
} catch (IfConditionException ice) {
   // ...
}

##Batching
Non if-conditional mutate operations (insert, update, delete) can be executed in a batched manner by combining it with another mutate operation. This is provided by the combinedWith(...) method.

Deletion deletion = hotelsDao.deleteWithKey("id", "BUP932432");

hotelsDao.deleteWithKey("id", "BUP14334")
         .combinedWith(deletion)
         .withWriteAheadLog()
         .execute();

##Read ###Read a single row

Read a row in an entity-oriented way.

Optional<Hotel> optionalHotel = hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP45544")
                                         .asEntity(Hotel.class)
                                         .execute();
optionalHotel.ifPresent(hotel -> System.out.println(hotel.getName()));

Read a row in a column-oriented way

Optional<Record> optionalRecord = hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP14334")
                                           .column("id")
                                           .column("name")
                                           .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.LOCAL_ONE)
                                           .execute();
optionalRecord.ifPresent(record -> System.out.println(record.getString("name")));

Read a row in a column-oriented way with Name definitions.

import static ....HotelTableColumns.*;

Optional<Record> optionalRecord = hotelsDao.readWithKey(ID, "BUP3443")
                                           .column(NAME)
                                           .column(CLASSIFICATION)
                                           .execute();
optionalRecord.ifPresent(record -> System.out.println(record.getValue(NAME)));
optionalRecord.ifPresent(record -> System.out.println(record.getValue(CLASSIFICATION)));

with definitions

public final class HotelTableColumns  {
    public static final ColumnName<String> ID = ColumnName.defineString("id");
    public static final ColumnName<String> NAME = ColumnName.defineString("name");
    public static final ColumnName<Set<String>> ROOM_IDS = ColumnName.defineSet("room_ids", String.class);
    public static final ColumnName<Address> ADDRESS = ColumnName.define("address", Address.class);
    public static final ColumnName<String> DESCRIPTION = ColumnName.defineString("description");
    public static final ColumnName<ClassifierEnum> CLASSIFICATION = ColumnName.define("classification", ClassifierEnum.class);
}

Read with meta data (ttl, writetime)

Record record = hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP14334")
                         .column("id")
         	             .column("name")
            	         .columnWithMetadata("description")
                         .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.LOCAL_ONE)
                         .execute()
                         .get();
                                           
System.out.println("ttl=" + record.getTtl("description")));

###Read a list of rows

Read all of the table

Iterable<Hotel> hotelIterator = hotelsDao.readSequence()
                                         .asEntity(Hotel.class)
                                         .withLimit(5000)
                                         .execute();
hotelIterator.forEach(hotel -> System.out.println(hotel));

Read specific ones by using conditions

Iterable<Hotel> hotelIterator = hotelsDao.readSequenceWhere(QueryBuilder.in("ID", "BUP45544", "BUP14334"))
                                         .asEntity(Hotel.class)
                                         .withAllowFiltering()
                                         .execute();
hotelIterator.forEach(hotel -> System.out.println(hotel));

#User-defined types support

to use the user-defined types support a Java class which represents the user-defined type has to be implemented. The fields to be mapped have to be annotated with @Field

public class Hotel  {
   
    @Field(name = "id")
    private String id = null;
    
    @Field(name = "name")
    private String name = null;

    @Field(name = "room_ids")
    private ImmutableSet<String> roomIds = ImmutableSet.of();

    @Field(name = "classification")
    private Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification = Optional.empty();
    
    @Field(name = "description")
    private Optional<String> description = Optional.empty();

    @Field(name = "address")
    private Address address = null;

    @Field(name = "phone")
    private Optional<String> phone = Optional.empty();

    
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private Hotel() { }
    
    public Hotel(String id, 
                 String name, 
                 ImmutableSet<String> roomIds,  
                 Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification, 
                 Optional<String> description,
                 Address address,
                 Optional<String> phone) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.roomIds = roomIds;
        this.classification = classification;
        this.description = description;
        this.address = address;
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public ImmutableSet<String> getRoomIds() {
        return roomIds;
    }

    public Optional<ClassifierEnum> getClassification() {
        return classification;
    }

    public Optional<String> getDescription() {
        return description;
    }
    
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    
    public Optional<String> getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
}

##Write

Write a row in a column-oriented way

hotelsDao.writeWithKey("id", "BUP932432")
         .value("name", "City Budapest")
         .value("room_ids", ImmutableSet.of("1", "2", "3", "122", "123", "124", "322", "333"))
         .value("classification", ClassifierEnum.FOUR)
         .value("address", new Address("Thököly Ut 111", "Budapest", "1145"))
         .withWritetime(microsSinceEpoch)
         .execute();

Write a row in a entity-oriented way

hotel = new Hotel("BUP14334", 
                  "Richter Panzio",
                  ImmutableSet.of("1", "2", "3", "4", "5"),
                  Optional.of(ClassifierEnum.TWO),
                  Optional.empty(),
                  new Address("Thököly Ut 111", "Budapest", "1145"));

hotelsDao.writeEntity(hotel)
         .execute();

public class Hotel  {
   
    @Field(name = "id")
    private String id = null;
    
    @Field(name = "name")
    private String name = null;

    @Field(name = "room_ids")
    private ImmutableSet<String> roomIds = ImmutableSet.of();

    @Field(name = "classification")
    private Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification = Optional.empty();
    
    @Field(name = "description")
    private Optional<String> description = Optional.empty();

    @Field(name = "address")
    private Address address = null;

        
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private Hotel() { }
    
    public Hotel(String id, 
                 String name, 
                 ImmutableSet<String> roomIds,  
                 Optional<ClassifierEnum> classification, 
                 Optional<String> description,
                 Address address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.roomIds = roomIds;
        this.classification = classification;
        this.description = description;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public ImmutableSet<String> getRoomIds() {
        return roomIds;
    }

    public Optional<ClassifierEnum> getClassification() {
        return classification;
    }

    public Optional<String> getDescription() {
        return description;
    }
    
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
}

##Read

Read a row in a entity-oriented way

hotel = hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP14334")
                 .asEntity(Hotel.class)
                 .execute()
                 .get();
        
System.out.println(hotel.getAddress());

Read a row in a column-oriented way

record = hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP14334")
                  .column("id")
                  .column("name")
                  .column("classification")
                  .column("address")
                  .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.LOCAL_ONE)
                  .execute()
                  .get();
        
System.out.println(record.getString("classification"));
System.out.println(record.getObject("address", Address.class));

#Asynchronous Examples

##Async Write By calling executeAsync() instead execute() the method returns immediately without waiting for the database response. Further more the executeAsync() returns a Java8 CompletableFuture object which can be used for async processing

hotel = new Hotel("BUP14334", 
                  "Richter Panzio", 
                  Optional.of(ClassifierEnum.TWO), 
                  Optional.empty());
                  
CompletableFuture<Result> future = hotelsDao.writeEntity(hotel)
                                            .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.ANY)
                                            .executeAsync();

##Async Read

As already mentioned above the methods returns immediately without waiting for the database response. The consumer code within the thenAccept(...) method will be called as soon as the database response is received.

read single row

hotelsDao.readWithKey("id", "BUP45544")
         .asEntity(Hotel.class)
	     .executeAsync()
         .thenAccept(optionalHotel.ifPresent(hotel -> System.out.println(hotel));

read a list of rows. Please consider that the Iterator has a blocking behavior which means the streaming of the result could block

hotelsDao.readSequence()
         .asEntity(Hotel.class)
         .withLimit(5000)
         .executeAsync()
         .thenAccept(hotelIt -> hotelIt.forEach(hotel -> System.out.println(hotel)));

##Reactive streams Read For true asynchronous streaming executeRx() can be called which returns a reactive streams Publisher

Publisher<Hotel> hotelPublisher = hotelsDao.readSequence()
                                           .asEntity(Hotel.class)
                                           .executeRx();
hotelPublisher.subscribe(new ConsoleSubscriber());

The Subscriber implements call back methods such as onNext(...) or onError(...) to process the result stream in a reactive way. By calling the hotels.subscribe(subscriber) above the onSubscribe(...) method of the subscriber below will be called.

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscription;

public class ConsoleSubscriber implements Subscriber<Hotel> {
    private final AtomicReference<Subscription> subscriptionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
    //...
    
    @Override
    public void onSubscribe(Subscription subscription) {
        this.subscriptionRef.set(subscription);
        subscription.request(1);  // here, requesting elements starts the streaming implicitly
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onNext(Hotel hotel) {
        System.out.println(obj);
        subscription.request(1);   // request one more element
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onComplete() {
        //..
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onError(Throwable t) {
        //..
    }
}

#Interceptor Examples The interceptor support can be used to implement (more complex) constraint checks on the client-side (Cassandra also supports server-side trigger which can also be used to implement contraints). To register interceptors the Dao supports the withInterceptor(...) method.

Dao phoneNumbersDao = new DaoImpl(getSession(), "phone_numbers");
       
Dao phoneNumbersDaoWithConstraints = phoneNumbersDao.withInterceptor(new PhonenumbersConstraints(deviceDao))
												    .withInterceptor(ConstraintsInterceptor.newConstraints()
                                                                                           .withNotNullColumn("device_id")
                                                                                           .withImmutableColumn("device_id"));

##ConstraintsInterceptor Examples To implement simple constraints the ConstraintsInterceptor can be used

Dao phoneNumbersDaoWithConstraints = phoneNumbersDao.withInterceptor(ConstraintsInterceptor.newConstraints()
                                                                                           .withNotNullColumn("device_id"));

##More Complexe Interceptor Examples The interceptor below implements a back relation check regarding the phone_numbers table.

class PhonenumbersConstraints implements ReadQueryRequestInterceptor,
                                         ReadQueryResponseInterceptor {
    
    private final Dao deviceDao;
    
    public PhonenumbersConstraints(Dao deviceDao) {
        this.deviceDao = deviceDao.withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.QUORUM);
    }
        
    
    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<ReadQueryData> onReadRequestAsync(ReadQueryData queryData) {
        // force that device_id will be fetched 
        if (!queryData.getColumnsToFetch().containsKey("device_id")) {
            queryData = queryData.columnsToFetch(Immutables.merge(queryData.getColumnsToFetch(), "device_id", false));
        }
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(queryData);
    }
    

    @Override
    public CompletableFuture<ResultList<Record>> onReadResponseAsync(ReadQueryData queryData, ResultList<Record> recordList) {
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(new VaildatingRecordList(recordList, deviceDao));
    }
    
    
    private static final class VaildatingRecordList extends RecordListAdapter {
     
        private final Dao deviceDao;

        
        public VaildatingRecordList(RecordList recordList, Dao deviceDao) {
            super(recordList);
            this.deviceDao = deviceDao;
        }
        
        @Override
        public Iterator<Record> iterator() {
            return new ValidatingIterator(super.iterator());
        }

        
        private final class ValidatingIterator implements Iterator<Record> {
            private Iterator<Record> it;
            
            public ValidatingIterator(Iterator<Record> it) {
                this.it = it;
            }
            
            @Override
            public boolean hasNext() {
                return it.hasNext();
            }
            
            
            @Override
            public Record next() {
                
                Record record = it.next();
                
                Optional<Record> deviceRecord = deviceDao.readWithKey("device_id", record.getString("device_id"))
                                                         .column("phone_numbers")
                                                         .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.ONE)
                                                         .execute();
                
                deviceRecord.ifPresent(rec -> {
                                                ImmutableSet<String> set = rec.getSet("phone_numbers", String.class);
                                                if (!set.isEmpty() && !set.contains(record.getString("number"))) {
                                                    throw new ConstraintException("reverse reference devices table -> phone_numbers table does not exit");
                                                }
                                              });
                
                return record;
            }
        }
    }
}

##OnCascade Interceptor Examples To add cascading queries to the current queries the CascadeOnWriteInterceptor and CascadeOnDeleteInterceptor can be used. Please consider that in this case the current queries becomes a write ahead logged batch query. For this reason the CascadeOn interceptors works for non if-conditional mutate operations (insert, update, delete) only

Dao keyByAccountDao = new DaoImpl(session, KeyByAccountColumns.TABLE);
Dao keyByEmailDao = new DaoImpl(session, KeyByEmailColumns.TABLE);
        
keyByAccountDao = keyByAccountDao.withInterceptor(new KeyByAccountColumns.CascadeToByEmailDao(keyByAccountDao, keyByEmailDao));
//...



public interface KeyByAccountColumns  {
   
    public static final String TABLE = "key_by_accountid";
    
    public static final ColumnName<String> ACCOUNT_ID = ColumnName.defineString("account_id");
    public static final ColumnName<byte[]> KEY = ColumnName.defineBytes("key");
    public static final ColumnName<Set<TupleValue>> EMAIL_IDX = ColumnName.defineSet("email_idx", TupleValue.class);
    
    
    
    public static final class CascadeToByEmailDao implements CascadeOnWriteInterceptor, CascadeOnDeleteInterceptor {
        private final Dao keyByAccountDao;
        private final Dao keyByEmailDao;
        
        public CascadeToByEmailDao(Dao keyByAccountDao, Dao keyByEmailDao) {
            this.keyByAccountDao = keyByAccountDao;
            this.keyByEmailDao = keyByEmailDao;
        }

        @Override
        public CompletableFuture<ImmutableSet<? extends Batchable<?>>> onWrite(WriteQueryData queryData) {
            
            // this interceptor does not support where condition based queries
            if (!queryData.getWhereConditions().isEmpty()) {
                throw new InvalidQueryException("where condition based queries are not supported");
            }
            
            if (queryData.hasKey(ACCOUNT_ID) && queryData.hasValueToMutate(KEY) && queryData.hasSetValuesToAddOrSet(EMAIL_IDX)) {
                List<Write> writes = Lists.newArrayList();
                for (TupleValue tupleValue : queryData.getSetValuesToAddOrSet(EMAIL_IDX)) {
                    writes.add(keyByEmailDao.writeWithKey(KeyByEmailColumns.EMAIL, tupleValue.getString(0), KeyByEmailColumns.CREATED, tupleValue.getLong(1))
                                            .value(KeyByEmailColumns.KEY, queryData.getValueToMutate(KEY))
                                            .value(KeyByEmailColumns.ACCOUNT_ID, queryData.getKey(ACCOUNT_ID))
                                            .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.QUORUM));
                }
                return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(ImmutableSet.copyOf(writes));
                
            } else {
                return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(ImmutableSet.of());
            }
        }
        
        
        @Override
        public CompletableFuture<ImmutableSet<? extends Batchable<?>>> onDelete(DeleteQueryData queryData) {

            // this interceptor does not support where condition based queries
            if (!queryData.getWhereConditions().isEmpty()) {
                throw new InvalidQueryException("where condition based queries are not supported");
            }
                
            // resolve dependent records
            return keyByAccountDao.readWithKey(queryData.getKey())
                                  .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.QUORUM)
                                  .executeAsync()
                                  .thenApply(optionalRecord -> optionalRecord.map(record -> getDeletions(record)).orElse(ImmutableSet.of()));
        }
        
        
        private ImmutableSet<Deletion> getDeletions(Record record) {
            List<Deletion> deletions = Lists.newArrayList();
            for (TupleValue tupleValue : record.getValue(KeyByAccountColumns.EMAIL_IDX)) {
                deletions.add(keyByEmailDao.deleteWithKey(KeyByEmailColumns.EMAIL, tupleValue.getString(0), KeyByEmailColumns.CREATED, tupleValue.getLong(1))
                                           .withConsistency(ConsistencyLevel.QUORUM));
            }
            
            return ImmutableSet.copyOf(deletions);
        }
    }
}

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