⭐ git-cheatsheet ⭐
This Repository is a guide to all the git commands you need to use in case any of these situations arise
Index 📚
- Basic Commands
✌️ - Branches
🌳 - Update forked Repository with original Repository
⌛ - Dev branch is X commits behind and Y commits ahead of main
- Reverting Commits
😎 - Short hands
- GitHub CLI commands
- Signing Commits
Basic Commands ✌️
- Clone a Repository
git init
Turn an existing directory into a git repository
git clone https://github.com/CodeChefVIT/git-cheatsheet.git
Replace url with your required repository url - Set username and emailId
git config --global user.name "FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"- Pushing to a Repository
git status
show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit
git add .
git commit -m <commit message>
git push origin main
To add just one file or a set of files replace the . with your filename in first command
git diff
diff of what is changed but not staged
git diff --staged
diff of what is staged but not yet commited
git commit -m “[descriptive message]”
commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
- Change most recent Git commit message
git commit --amend- Check where is your Repository remote
git remote -v
Output should have the repository url similar to this
origin https://github.com/CodeChefVIT/git-cheatsheet.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/CodeChefVIT/git-cheatsheet.git (push)
- Change Remote
git remote set-url origin <new git url>
- Check logs
git log
Output should be something similar
commit 82e2a7c46a96b3b4aaf5acbc0cbc218d118aa922
Author: <User> <45638240+<User>@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri May 15 14:52:32 2020 +0530
<Commit Message>- Tracking changes
git diff
To track the changes that are yet to staged.
git diff --staged
To track the changes that are staged but not committed.
git diff HEAD
To track the changes after committing a file.
git status
To know the state of the files in local directory.
git show
To show all the changes made in the file for each commit
- Ignoring files
Git can ignore specified files from adding into the remote repository using gitignore.
Create .gitignore in the project
vim .gitignore
Add the filename/directory you want to ignore by the git in the gitignore file
node_modules
now, when you add the files it ignores node_modules directory in your project.
Branches 🌳
- Create new branch
git checkout -b newbranch
Replace newbranch with your branch name- Check current branch
git branch
This should list all your branches and highlight the current branch in green- Switch to new branch
git checkout newbranch
- Push in new branch
git add .
git commit -m <commit message>
git push origin <branch name>
Update forked Repository with original Repository ⌛
These steps are to be followed when your forked repository is few commits behind original repository
- Check if you have the forked repository added to your remotes.
git remote -v
If you see the forked repository listed in your remotes you can skip to point 3.
- Add the forked repository as a remote
git remote add upstream https://github.com/whoever/whatever.git
- Fetch changes from forked repository
git fetch upstream
Any new changes and branches from the original forked repository should now be fetched to your local repository.
- Rebase your local branch, or merge the changes
You can now choose to either rebase your local branch, or merge the changes from the forked repository into your branch. If you are unsure about which option to pick, you can read more about the differences between rebasing and merging in this article.
Use the following if you want to rebase your branch:
git rebase upstream/main
Or use the merge command if you want to merge instead:
git merge upstream/main
Replace "main" with the name of the branch on the forked repository that you want to rebase or merge with.
Your dev branch is X commits behind and Y commits ahead of main fix
git checkout main
git fetch origin main
git checkout dev
git rebase origin/main
git checkout main
git merge --no-ff dev
If you get this message 'Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result'
Check for merge conflicts in code and fix them (main branch should have required files now)
For any such message deleted in 'dev and modified in HEAD. Version HEAD of requirements.txt left in tree'
File can either be deleted or modified or kept same
git pull origin main (if warning comes)
add , commit , push
Reverting Commits 😎
These steps are to be followed when you want to revert some unnecessary commits from a specific commit to the latest commit.
git reset --hard <commit-hash>
sets the HEAD of the current branch point to that specific commit.
git push -f
force pushes the changes to the current branch.Short hands
git commit -am <message>
adds and commits the changes in a single command
git push -u origin <branch name>
use -u (upstream) for pushing your first commit changes into the remote repository
and later on you avoid origin <branch name>
git push
works fine till the last commit
git diff > difference.txt
If you are feeling hard to track all the changes on console
above helps to writes/pipes the differences into specified file (difference.txt) and you can track the changes
easilyGitHub CLI commands:
List Issues With GitHub CLI
1. gh issue list
list out the open GitHub Issues for our project
2. gh issue list --state "all"
gh issue list -s "all"
If we want to list out ALL of the issues we could use the “state” flag
3. gh issue list --assignee "n8ebel"
Now, maybe we’ve realized that is too many issues to sort through, so we decide we only want to list out your currently assigned issues.
4. gh issue status
Next, we want to check in on the status of a couple of the issues we created yesterday. Maybe we don’t remember their exact numbers, but since we created them, we can use the status command to list them at the terminal
5. gh issue list --state "closed"
gh issue list -s "closed"
After checking in on these issues, we still can’t find the issue we’re looking for, so we might want to check whether it was closed or not.
6. gh issue list --label "bug"
gh issue list -l "bug"
To list out all of our open bugs, we could filter by the “bug” label defined in our GitHub repo
7. gh issue view "15"
Once we’ve found an issue we want to fix, we might want to assign that issue to ourselves. Currently, we can’t do that directly from the command line, but we can quickly open the issue from the command line using the “view” command.
8. gh issue create
We can use the gh issue create command to create a new GitHub Issue directly from the command line.
9. gh issue create -t "Sample Issue Title" -b "Sample issue description"
If you’d like to simplify things a bit, you can specify the issue with the command using additional flags
10. gh pr list
list the open pull requests for our project.
11. gh pr list --state "all"
gh pr list -s "all"
If we want to list out ALL of the pull requests, both open and closed, we could use the “state” flag
12. gh pr status
Next, we want to check in on the status of a couple of the PRs we created yesterday. Maybe we don’t remember their exact numbers, but since we created them, we can use the status command to list them at the terminal
13. gh pr list --state "closed"
gh pr list -s "closed"
After checking in on these PRs, we still can’t find the pull request we’re looking for, so we might want to check whether it was closed or not.
14. gh pr view "14"
Once we’ve found a PR we want to review, we might want to assign that PR to ourself. Currently, we can’t do that directly from the command line, but we can quickly open the PR from the command line using the view command.
15. gh pr checkout
Check out pull requests locally.
16. gh pr create
Create a new pull request.
17. gh pr checks
View your pull requests’ checks.
18. gh release create
Create a new release
19. gh alias set
Create a shortcut for a gh command.Signing Commits
These steps are to be followed when you want to sign your current commit.
git commit --ammend --signoff
for signing the current commit
git push -f
force pushes the changes to the current branch.