Global-Chem: A Chemical Knowledge Graph of common small molecules and their IUPAC/SMILES/SMARTS for selection of compounds relevant to diverse chemical communities

Global Chem is an open-source graph database and api for common and rare chemical lists using IUPAC as input and SMILES/SMARTS as output. As mostly needed by myself as I search through chemical infinity.

I have found these lists written in history to be useful, they come from a variety of different fields but are aggregated into the most common format of organic chemists (IUPAC) and the common language of the cheminformatician (SMILES) and for pattern matching (SMARTS).

Overview

GlobalChem

- Getting Started

- Validation

- Statistics

- Github Actions

- Build Information

Regulatory Compliance

- GlobalChemExtensions

Extension Demo Reel

Application	Introduction	Advanced Usage
forcefields		CGenFF Molecule Loader and Atom Type Similarity
bioinformatics		Use the Bostrom Algorithm to Filter Ligands By PDB
cheminformatics		Principal Component Analysis of Common Universe & Visualizing Common Molecule Scaffold Graphs & WordClouds of Tainted Products
quantum_chemistry		Plot Quantum Theory and Basis Set versuses the Hamiltonian of small molecules
development_operations

Installation

GlobalChem is going to be distribute via PyPi and as the tree and it's extensions grows we can expand it to other pieces of software making it accessible to all regardless of what you use. Alternatively, you could have a glance at the source code and copy/paste it yourself.

pip install global-chem

If you want to install the extensions package for extra functionality, each application can be installed independent of each other or you can install them all with the all:

pip install 'global-chem[graphing]'
pip install 'global-chem[forcefields]'
pip install 'global-chem[bioinformatics]'
pip install 'global-chem[cheminformatics]'
pip install 'global-chem[quantum_chemistry]'
pip install 'global-chem[development_operations]'
pip install 'global-chem[all]'

QuickStart

Here we load the global-chem[cheminformatics] extensions package and the GlobalChem tree. We extract SMILES from the popular book, Pihkal, and perform cheminformatic principal component analysis on the chemical list.

from global_chem import GlobalChem
from global_chem_extensions import GlobalChemExtensions

gc = GlobalChem()
gc_cheminfo = GlobalChemExtensions().cheminformatics()

gc.build_global_chem_network()
smiles_list = list(gc.get_node_smiles('pihkal').values())

print (f"SMILES: {smiles_list[0]}")

gc_cheminfo.node_pca_analysis(smiles_list)

GlobalChem

Rules

The Graph Network (GN)s comes with a couple of rules that for now make the software engineering easier on the developer.

• There must be a root node.
• When Adding a Node every node must be connected.
• To remove a node it must not have any children.

The Deep Graph Network (DGN)s comes also with a couple of rules to make the implementation easier:

• There must be a root node of 1 which marks as your "input" node.
• When adding a layer all nodes will be added to all the previous layers as children. (Folk can use the remove node feature to perform dropouts).

Just with no dependencies, intialize the class and there you go! All the common and rare groups of the world at your disposal.

Nodes Contributors

Please follow the node contribution guidelines if you would like to elect your own or someone elses.

'global_chem': Node,                                                      # Suliman Sharif
'emerging_perfluoroalkyls': EmergingPerFluoroAlkyls,                      # Asuka Orr & Suliman Sharif
'montmorillonite_adsorption': MontmorilloniteAdsorption,                  # Asuka Orr & Suliman Sharif
'common_monomer_repeating_units': CommonMonomerRepeatingUnits,            # Suliman Sharif
'electrophilic_warheads_for_kinases': ElectrophilicWarheadsForKinases,    # Ruibin Liu & Suliman Sharif
'common_warheads_covalent_inhibitors': CommonWarheadsCovalentInhibitors,  # Shaoqi Zhan & Suliman Sharif
'rings_in_drugs': RingsInDrugs,                                           # Alexander Mackerell & Suliman Sharif
'iupac_blue_book_rings': IUPACBlueBookRings,                              # Suliman Sharif
'phase_2_hetereocyclic_rings': Phase2HetereoCyclicRings,                  # Suliman Sharif
'privileged_scaffolds': PrivilegedScaffolds,                              # Suliman Sharif
'iupac_blue_book': IUPACBlueBook,                                         # Suliman Sharif
'common_r_group_replacements': CommonRGroupReplacements,                  # Sunhwan Jo & Suliman Sharif
'braf_inhibitors': BRAFInhibitors,                                        # Aarion Romany & Suliman Sharif
'privileged_kinase_inhibitors': PrivilegedKinaseInhibitors,               # Suliman Sharif
'common_organic_solvents': CommonOrganicSolvents,                         # Suliman Sharif
'amino_acid_protecting_groups': AminoAcidProtectingGroups,                # Aziza Frank & Suliman Sharif
'schedule_one': ScheduleOne,                                              # Suliman Sharif
'schedule_two': ScheduleTwo,                                              # Suliman Sharif
'schedule_three': ScheduleThree,                                          # Suliman Sharif
'schedule_four': ScheduleFour,                                            # Suliman Sharif
'schedule_five': ScheduleFive,                                            # Suliman Sharif
'interstellar_space': InterstellarSpace,                                  # Suliman Sharif
'vitamins': Vitamins,                                                     # Suliman Sharif
'open_smiles': OpenSmiles,                                                # Suliman Sharif
'amino_acids': AminoAcids,                                                # Suliman Sharif
'pihkal': Pihkal,                                                         # Suliman Sharif
'nickel_ligands': NickelBidendatePhosphineLigands,                        # Suliman Sharif
'cimetidine_and_acyclovir': CimetidineAndAcyclovir,                       # Suliman Sharif
'common_regex_patterns': CommonRegexPatterns,                             # Chris Burke & Suliman Sharif
'how_to_live_longer': HowToLiveLonger,                                    # Suliman Sharif
'monoclonal_antibodies': MonoclonalAntibodies,                            # Asuka Orr & Suliman Sharif
'lube': Lube,                                                             # Daniel Khavrutskii & Suliman Sharif
'tainted_sexual_enhancements': TaintedSexualEnhancements,                 # Suliman Sharif
'exsens_products': ExsensProducts,                                        # Rebecca Pinette-Dorin & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_one': FDAListOne,                                               # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_two': FDAListTwo,                                               # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_three': FDAListThree,                                           # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_four': FDAListFour,                                             # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_five': FDAListFive,                                             # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_six': FDAListSix,                                               # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'fda_list_seven': FDAListSeven,                                           # Mike Wostner & Suliman Sharif
'constituents_of_cannabis_sativa': ConstituentsOfCannabisSativa,          # Ian Jones & Bettina Lier & Suliman Sharif
'phytocannabinoids': PhytoCannabinoids,                                   # Ian Jones & Bettina Lier & Suliman Sharif
'organophosphorous_nerve_agents': OrganoPhosphorousNerveAgents,           # Suliman Sharif
'organic_and_inorganic_bronsted_acids': OrganicAndInorganicBronstedAcids, # Nathaniel McClean & Suliman Sharif
'chemicals_from_biomass': ChemicalsFromBioMass,                           # Anthony Maiorana & Suliman Sharif 
'salt': Salt                                                              # Suliman Sharif
'drugs_from_snake_venom': DrugsFromSnakeVenom,                            # Suliman Sharif
'oral_contraceptives': OralContraceptives,                                # Suliman Sharif

GlobalChemExtensions

A Variety of Tools are available for you to browse and analyze data and with the full list of different applications can be found in the google colab demo or the Gitbook documentation. A demonstration of the data visualization extensions designed with plotly and bokeh are displayed below:

Open Source Software Compliance

GlobalChem follows the same principles outlined in part 11 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations; Electronic Records, Electronic Signatures (21 CFR Part 11) guidance documentation. Since there are no formal guidelines for how open source software should be handled, we attempt at completing requirements. The FDA considers part 11 to be applicable to the following criteria of electronic records and how GlobalChem accomplishes each component:

• Plausabilitiy: GlobalChem was built on data that was abstracted from books and papers using reading and redrawing. It adds a component of IUPAC/SMILES/SMARTS strings to store it electronically which give it's data it's unique component. The records are open sourced and appropiately version controlled by maintainers of the repository and open source community feedback. GlobalChem's purposes are still unknown as it enters open source deployment. We have built extended functions that live in a seperate package GlobalChemExtensions that do depend on GlobalChem. Since each version is packaged appropiately, if reliance on a version is a need then it's software is available on Github and PyPi. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) can be filed submitted from the extensions utility documentation maintained on Gitbook.

• Validation: GlobalChem follows Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP) Category 3 which is "software that is used as installed" and potentially "configurable". GlobalChem testing comes from within, the documentation serves as the ultimate test for functionality because that is what the users will test the most since we rely on open source. A continous integration (CI) system is also built concomitantly to serve as basic functionality testing of the GlobalChem graph network. The Data stored is maintained by experts in the field but subject to change based on community feedback if an error is found.

• Audit Trail: GlobalChem is version controlled with Git and hosted on Microsoft's platform Github. GlobalChem follows a semantic versioning control of the schema X1.X2.X3: X1 marks formal stable releases with tests and docuementation and mean big refactoring to the software or in functionality, X2 means a new feature is added with or without tests and documentation but iterates as so. X3 means a "hot" fix (something that is a an easy bug), small feature or additional parameter to add to a function , or iteration to the data.

• Legacy Systems: GlobalChem has been operational for nearly 2 years since it's first release with version 0.3.0 in May 2020. GlobalChem was built with a full trail in the open source community with each version catalogued and visibility to all. This satisfies the rules outlines for determining a legacy system. We use community feedback provided from social media platforms (Twitter, Github, LinkedIn) as documented evidence and justification that GlobalChem is fit for it's intended use of cheminformatics.

• Copies of Records: GlobalChem has records stored on Github for the software that can be exported to a variety of formats as provided by Microsoft. For documentation, it is hosted on Gitbook and versioning controlled in accordance to the software. Each "book" can be exported into Portable Data Format (PDF) appropiate for FDA submission.

• Record Retention: GlobalChem has a record of the documentation versioned controlled to a unique id (UUID) that serves as it's identifier for each iteration stored on Gitbook. Each version is stored as markdown files and be converted to PDF, if needed.

GlobalChem has a Mozilla Public License version 2.0. GlobalChem allows you to use the software in your larger work and extend it with modifications if you wish. The contingency is that if you install GlobalChem and release new software then you must follow the same principles installed in our license for the open source community.

Data Collection

References and associatied compound lists are selected based on the interests of the scientific contributors. This should include consideration of relevance to the scientific community. The SMILES strings may be abstracted in a variety of methods:

• For simple molecules one representation of the SMILES can be directly translated using visual inspection. This is typically appropriate for compounds at the beginning of a reported list that contain the most common denominator rings.

• For complex molecules the image can be redrawn in the free version of ChemDraw and then translated into SMILES.

• For sources where the SMILES are written and the IUPAC is not known the SMILES are translated into ChemDraw and the name retrieved. Note that some of the names may be modified based on human inspection in favor of preferred names.

• For polymer papers, the site points were omitted from the name and some of the nomenclature adjusted for preferred names over traditional. For example: 'yl' to mark site points for polymer connections was removed in favor of reduced english complexity.

• In the case of radicals, some SMILES were adjusted to remove the radical chemical feature as they serve as connection points. However in some cases the radical component was maintained, especially in the case of IUPAC blue book common substituents.

• SMARTS strings were adapted from the SMILES using RDKit (4).

Licensing