Mebus / hmap
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clone from http://ujeni.murkyroc.com/hmap/
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README for hmap 0.1 Contents - What is hmap? - How to install - How to run - How to interpret results - How it works - Contact and thanks ====================================================================== - What is hmap? "hmap" is a tool for fingerprinting web servers. Basically, it collects a number of characteristics (see: "How it works" below) and compares them with known profiles to find a closest match. The closest match is its best guess for the identity of the server. This tool will be of interest to system administrators who are trying to hide the identity of their server for security reasons. hmap will will help indicate if, after they have applied their hiding techniques, it can still be identified. This tool will also be of interest to Intrusion Detection System developers. The hmap tool shows the types of tests that can be used to fingerprint a web server and therefore what sorts of features to look for in server logs and in network traffic to identify web server fingerprinting activies. Finally it is of interests to those who are curious about fingerprinting and web servers or just want to see some strange games you can play with web servers. NOTE: DO NOT run this tool against someone's web server without permission. The legality of doing so is not clear to me, so to be safe (and polite) please play fair. ====================================================================== - How to install Create a directory (e.g. ~username/hmap/). Copy the hmap.tgz file here. Uncompress and untar and you are ready to go! NOTE: hmap was developed under Python 2.2. If you want to make it work on earlier versions of Python try substituting the keyword 'file' with 'open' If you want to run hmap under *nix then make sure the #! path makes sense for your system and "chmod a+x" the hmap.py file. FILES: - hmap.py : the tool - known.servers : a directory with the known server profiles for comparison - README : this file - FAQ : questions about this tool - HIDING.TIPS : some methods for hiding the identity of your web server - License ====================================================================== - How to run try: python hmap.py -h example 1: python hmap.py -v -c 10 http://www.somehost.com:80 - the -v option (verbose) says to show information as it processes - the -c option (count) says to show this many of the top matches - the :80 is redundant but it shows how you could add a port number to a URL if the target web server is not at the traditional location - a file called www.somehost.com.80 will be created that stores all the characteristics discovered in a python dictionary structure - a list of candidate matches will be displayed with the best matches at the top - NOTE: a data file representing the target server will be created in the current directory. example 2: python hmap.py -p www.somehost.com.80 - uses a previously fetched profile instead of querying the target server again example 3: python hmap.py -g http://www.somehost.com.80 - gathers the profile from a server without doing a comparison with known profiles. ====================================================================== - How to interpret results Here are the first few lines of an example output matches : mismatches : unknowns Apache/1.3.22 (Win32) 116 : 0 : 7 Apache/1.3.12 (Win32) 113 : 3 : 7 Apache/1.3.14 (Win32) 113 : 3 : 7 Apache/1.3.17 (Win32) 113 : 3 : 7 Apache/1.3.9 (Win32) 112 : 3 : 8 The first column is server/version/OS info. Each of these is followed by three numbers separated by ':'s. These numbers are: matches : mismatches : unknowns So for Apache/1.3.22 the target server had 16 matching characteristics, 0 mismatched characteristics and 7 characteristics that were not discovered and so couldn't be processed. Therefore the most likely match for the target server is: Apache/1.3.22 (Win32). Note: You can get a false positive if several web servers have very similar fingerprint profiles. You can get false negatives if a web server has had hiding techniques applied to it. Note: It is not a good idea to score unknowns better than mismatches since we can't assume unknowns are likely matches. Note: The OS is given as well since I have found that the same server seems to behave differently on different OSes. ====================================================================== - How it works This tool is based on my masters thesis (http://seclab.cs.ucdavis.edu/papers/hmap-thesis.pdf) and related paper (http://acsac.org/2002/abstracts/96.html) In this first incarnation hmap is not concerned with stealth or conciseness. At some point hmap will be adapted to use only a minimal subset of queries, but at this stage I'm still gathering complete profiles on different servers and want to stay open minded as to which characteristics are the most important. Ideally to identify a server we would: 1) do a test to gather each characteristic that we can get from a server and compare these with known profiles and find the best match. The problem with this is that we don't know what tests to run since different servers behave differently for the same test. The simplest solution is simply to run all the tests you know about and then sort it out afterwards. This is the current strategy. See KNOWN_TESTS for an idea of the types of tests that can be used in probing. It is also difficult to do a straight forward matching of target server characteristics with known profiles since the target server's identity might be partially hidden already (see HIDING_GUIDE). The simple solution to this is to compare all known characteristics and count the number of matches. ====================================================================== Contact and thanks. You can reach me with questions, suggestions, kudos and threats at: [email protected] I'd like to thank my thesis advisor (Karl Levitt) and additionally my co-authors (Jeff Rowe and Calvin Ko) for their help, funding and patience. Any errors or bugs in this or the bundled documents/code are solely my own. I'd also like to thank all the people who have volunteered to let me do strange things to their web servers. Hopefully its for a good cause. [watch this space for names of volunteers....] And finally I'd like to thank my wife Jodi who has proof read and offered many valuable writing suggestions and has endured way too much geeky ramblings on this topic.
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