Ultimate Javascript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE), JSON Web Token (JWT) and JSON Web Encryption (JWE) Implementation for .NET and .NET Core

Minimallistic zero-dependency library for generating, decoding and encryption JSON Web Tokens. Supports full suite of JSON Web Algorithms as of July 4, 2014 version. JSON parsing agnostic, can plug any desired JSON processing library. Extensively tested for compatibility with jose.4.j, Nimbus-JOSE-JWT and json-jwt libraries. JWE JSON Serialization cross-tested with JWCrypto.

FIPS compliance

Library is fully FIPS compliant since v2.1

Which version?

• v3.1 introduced JWE JSON Serialization defined in RFC 7516

• v3.0 and above additionally targets netstandard2.1 to leverage better .net crypto support on *nix systems and enable more supported algorithms. All new features will most likely appear based on given version.

• v2.1 and above added extra features support for .NET461+ and coming with 3 version of binaries (NET4, NET461 and netstandard1.4).

• v2.0 and above is .NET Core compatible and aimed to support both .NET framework (NET40) and .NET Core (netstandard1.4) runtimes.

• v1.9 is built against .NET framework only and should be compatible with NET40 and above. The version is not actively maintained anymore except critical bug fixes.

• WinRT compatible version (Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1) is avaliable as standalone project here: jose-rt.

• PCLCrypto based experimental project living up here: jose-pcl.

Important upgrade notes

⚠️ v3.0 -> v3.1 stricter argument validation extraHeaders argument

In 3.1 and above an attempt to override enc or alg header values in extraHeaders will throw ArgumentException.

⚠️ v2 -> v3 update public sdk changes

Moved:

• Security.Cryptography.EccKey to Jose.keys.EccKey
• Security.Cryptography.RsaKey to Jose.keys.RsaKey

Foreword

Originally forked from https://github.com/johnsheehan/jwt . Almost re-written from scratch to support JWT encryption capabilities and unified interface for encoding/decoding/encryption and other features. Moved to separate project in February 2014.

AES Key Wrap implementation ideas and test data from http://www.cryptofreak.org/projects/rfc3394/ by Jay Miller

Supported JWA algorithms

CLR

Signing

• HMAC signatures with HS256, HS384 and HS512.
• ECDSA signatures with ES256, ES384 and ES512.
• RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5 signatures with RS256, RS384 and RS512.
• RSASSA-PSS signatures (probabilistic signature scheme with appendix) with PS256, PS384 and PS512.
• NONE (unprotected) plain text algorithm without integrity protection

Encryption

• RSAES OAEP 256 (using SHA-256 and MGF1 with SHA-256) encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• RSAES OAEP (using SHA-1 and MGF1 with SHA-1) encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5 encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• Direct symmetric key encryption with pre-shared key A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM and A256GCM
• A128KW, A192KW, A256KW encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• A128GCMKW, A192GCMKW, A256GCMKW encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• ECDH-ES^* with A128CBC-HS256, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• ECDH-ES+A128KW^*, ECDH-ES+A192KW^*, ECDH-ES+A256KW^* with A128CBC-HS256, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• PBES2-HS256+A128KW, PBES2-HS384+A192KW, PBES2-HS512+A256KW with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM

Compression

• DEFLATE compression

CORECLR

Signing

• HMAC signatures with HS256, HS384 and HS512.
• ECDSA signatures with ES256, ES384 and ES512.
• RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5 signatures with RS256, RS384 and RS512.
• NONE (unprotected) plain text algorithm without integrity protection

Encryption

• RSAES OAEP 256 (using SHA-256 and MGF1 with SHA-256) encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• RSAES OAEP (using SHA-1 and MGF1 with SHA-1) encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5 encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• Direct symmetric key encryption with pre-shared key A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM and A256GCM
• A128KW, A192KW, A256KW encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• A128GCMKW, A192GCMKW, A256GCMKW encryption with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM
• PBES2-HS256+A128KW, PBES2-HS384+A192KW, PBES2-HS512+A256KW with A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, A128GCM, A192GCM, A256GCM

Compression

• DEFLATE compression

Notes:

• Types returned by crytographic methods MAY be different on Windows and Linux. e.g. GetRSAPrivateKey() on X509Certificate2 on Windows returns RsaCng and OpenSslRsa on *nix.
• It appears that Microsoft CNG implementation of BCryptSecretAgreement/NCryptSecretAgreement contains a bug for calculating Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman secret agreement on keys higher than 256 bit (P-384 and P-521 NIST curves correspondingly). At least produced secret agreements do not match any other implementation in different languages. Technically it is possible to use ECDH-ES or ECDH-ES+AES Key Wrap family with A192CBC-HS384 and A256CBC-HS512 but most likely produced JWT tokens will not be compatible with other platforms and therefore can't be decoded correctly.

Installation

NuGet

https://www.nuget.org/packages/jose-jwt/

Install-Package jose-jwt

Manual

Grab source and compile yourself:

1. dotnet restore
2. dotnet pack -c Release

Usage

Creating Plaintext (unprotected) Tokens

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, null, JwsAlgorithm.none);

Warning: When using a class as the data structure of the payload, always use nullable data types for its properties. details

Creating signed Tokens

HS-* family

HS256, HS384, HS512 signatures require byte[] array key of corresponding length

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var secretKey = new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, secretKey, JwsAlgorithm.HS256);

RS-* and PS-* family

NET40-NET45:

RS256, RS384, RS512 and PS256, PS384, PS512 signatures require RSACryptoServiceProvider (usually private) key of corresponding length. CSP need to be forced to use Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider. Which usually can be done be re-importing RSAParameters. See http://clrsecurity.codeplex.com/discussions/243156 for details.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password", X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet).PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwsAlgorithm.RS256);

NETCORE: RS256, RS384, RS512 and PS256, PS384, PS512 signatures require RSA (usually private) key of corresponding length.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password").GetRSAPrivateKey();

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwsAlgorithm.RS256);

NET461: Accepts RSACryptoServiceProvider, RSA or CngKey types of keys.

ES-* family

NET40-NET45: ES256, ES384, ES512 ECDSA signatures requires CngKey (usually private) elliptic curve key of corresponding length. Normally existing CngKey loaded via CngKey.Open(..) method from Key Storage Provider. But if you want to use raw key material (x,y) and d, jose-jwt provides convenient helper EccKey.New(x,y,d).

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

byte[] x = { 4, 114, 29, 223, 58, 3, 191, 170, 67, 128, 229, 33, 242, 178, 157, 150, 133, 25, 209, 139, 166, 69, 55, 26, 84, 48, 169, 165, 67, 232, 98, 9 };
byte[] y = { 131, 116, 8, 14, 22, 150, 18, 75, 24, 181, 159, 78, 90, 51, 71, 159, 214, 186, 250, 47, 207, 246, 142, 127, 54, 183, 72, 72, 253, 21, 88, 53 };
byte[] d = { 42, 148, 231, 48, 225, 196, 166, 201, 23, 190, 229, 199, 20, 39, 226, 70, 209, 148, 29, 70, 125, 14, 174, 66, 9, 198, 80, 251, 95, 107, 98, 206 };

var privateKey=EccKey.New(x, y, d);

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwsAlgorithm.ES256);

NETCORE: ES256, ES384, ES512 ECDSA signatures can accept either CngKey(see above) or ECDsa (usually private) elliptic curve key of corresponding length.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("ecc-key.p12", "password").GetECDsaPrivateKey();

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwsAlgorithm.ES256);

NET461: Accepts CngKey and ECDsa types of keys.

Creating encrypted Tokens

RSA-* key management family of algorithms

NET40-NET45:

RSA-OAEP-256, RSA-OAEP and RSA1_5 key management requires RSACryptoServiceProvider (usually public) key of corresponding length.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var publicKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password").PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, publicKey, JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

NETCORE: RSA-OAEP-256, RSA-OAEP and RSA1_5 key management requires RSA (usually public) key of corresponding length.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var publicKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password").GetRSAPublicKey();

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, publicKey, JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

NET461: Accepts RSACryptoServiceProvider, RSA or CngKey types of keys.

DIR direct pre-shared symmetric key family of algorithms

Direct key management with pre-shared symmetric keys requires byte[] array key of corresponding length

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var secretKey = new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, secretKey, JweAlgorithm.DIR, JweEncryption.A128CBC_HS256);

AES Key Wrap key management family of algorithms

AES128KW, AES192KW and AES256KW key management requires byte[] array key of corresponding length

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var secretKey = new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, secretKey, JweAlgorithm.A256KW, JweEncryption.A256CBC_HS512);

AES GCM Key Wrap key management family of algorithms

AES128GCMKW, AES192GCMKW and AES256GCMKW key management requires byte[] array key of corresponding length

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var secretKey = new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, secretKey, JweAlgorithm.A256GCMKW, JweEncryption.A256CBC_HS512);

ECDH-ES and ECDH-ES with AES Key Wrap key management family of algorithms

ECDH-ES and ECDH-ES+A128KW, ECDH-ES+A192KW, ECDH-ES+A256KW key management requires CngKey (usually public) elliptic curve key of corresponding length. Normally existing CngKey loaded via CngKey.Open(..) method from Key Storage Provider. But if you want to use raw key material (x,y) and d, jose-jwt provides convenient helper EccKey.New(x,y,usage:CngKeyUsages.KeyAgreement).

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

byte[] x = { 4, 114, 29, 223, 58, 3, 191, 170, 67, 128, 229, 33, 242, 178, 157, 150, 133, 25, 209, 139, 166, 69, 55, 26, 84, 48, 169, 165, 67, 232, 98, 9 };
byte[] y = { 131, 116, 8, 14, 22, 150, 18, 75, 24, 181, 159, 78, 90, 51, 71, 159, 214, 186, 250, 47, 207, 246, 142, 127, 54, 183, 72, 72, 253, 21, 88, 53 };

var publicKey=EccKey.New(x, y, usage:CngKeyUsages.KeyAgreement);

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, publicKey, JweAlgorithm.ECDH_ES, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

PBES2 using HMAC SHA with AES Key Wrap key management family of algorithms

PBES2-HS256+A128KW, PBES2-HS384+A192KW, PBES2-HS512+A256KW key management requires string passphrase from which key will be derived

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, "top secret", JweAlgorithm.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, JweEncryption.A256CBC_HS512);

Iteration counts can be controlled by setting p2c header value:

var headers = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "p2c", 10000 }
};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, "top secret", JweAlgorithm.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, JweEncryption.A256CBC_HS512, extraHeaders: headers);

Please see https://github.com/dvsekhvalnov/jose-jwt#adding-extra-headers for additional details.

Optional compressing payload before encrypting

Optional DEFLATE compression is supported

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var publicKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password").PublicKey.Key as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, publicKey, JweAlgorithm.RSA1_5, JweEncryption.A128CBC_HS256, JweCompression.DEF);

Verifying and Decoding Tokens

Decoding json web tokens is fully symmetric to creating signed or encrypted tokens:

HS256, HS384, HS512 signatures, A128KW, A192KW, A256KW, A128GCMKW, A192GCMKW, A256GCMKW and DIR key management algorithms expects byte[] array key

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJkaXIiLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIn0..Fmz3PLVfv-ySl4IJ.LMZpXMDoBIll5yuEs81Bws2-iUUaBSpucJPL-GtDKXkPhFpJmES2T136Vd8xzvp-3JW-fvpRZtlhluqGHjywPctol71Zuz9uFQjuejIU4axA_XiAy-BadbRUm1-25FRT30WtrrxKltSkulmIS5N-Nsi_zmCz5xicB1ZnzneRXGaXY4B444_IHxGBIS_wdurPAN0OEGw4xIi2DAD1Ikc99a90L7rUZfbHNg_iTBr-OshZqDbR6C5KhmMgk5KqDJEN8Ik-Yw.Jbk8ZmO901fqECYVPKOAzg";

byte[] secretKey=new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, secretKey);

RS256, RS384, RS512, PS256, PS384, PS512 signatures and RSA-OAEP-256, RSA-OAEP, RSA1_5 key management algorithms expects

NET40-NET45: RSACryptoServiceProvider as a key, public/private is asymmetric to encoding:

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJSU0ExXzUiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2In0.bx_4TL7gh14IeM3EClP3iVfY9pbT81pflXd1lEZOVPJR6PaewRFXWmiJcaqH9fcU9IjGGQ19BS-UPtpErenL5kw7KORFgIBm4hObCYxLoAadMy8A-qQeOWyjnxbE0mbQIdoFI4nGK5qWTEQUWZCMwosvyeHLqEZDzr9CNLAAFTujvsZJJ7NLTkA0cTUzz64b57uSvMTaOK6j7Ap9ZaAgF2uaqBdZ1NzqofLeU4XYCG8pWc5Qd-Ri_1KsksjaDHk12ZU4vKIJWJ-puEnpXBLoHuko92BnN8_LXx4sfDdK7wRiXk0LU_iwoT5zb1ro7KaM0hcfidWoz95vfhPhACIsXQ.YcVAPLJ061gvPpVB-zMm4A.PveUBLejLzMjA4tViHTRXbYnxMHFu8W2ECwj9b6sF2u2azi0TbxxMhs65j-t3qm-8EKBJM7LKIlkAtQ1XBeZl4zuTeMFxsQ0VShQfwlN2r8dPFgUzb4f_MzBuFFYfP5hBs-jugm89l2ZTj8oAOOSpAlC7uTmwha3dNaDOzlJniqAl_729q5EvSjaYXMtaET9wSTNSDfMUVFcMERbB50VOhc134JDUVPTuriD0rd4tQm8Do8obFKtFeZ5l3jT73-f1tPZwZ6CmFVxUMh6gSdY5A.tR8bNx9WErquthpWZBeMaw";

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password", X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet).PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token,privateKey);

NETCORE: RSA as a key, public/private is asymmetric to encoding:

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJSU0ExXzUiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2In0.bx_4TL7gh14IeM3EClP3iVfY9pbT81pflXd1lEZOVPJR6PaewRFXWmiJcaqH9fcU9IjGGQ19BS-UPtpErenL5kw7KORFgIBm4hObCYxLoAadMy8A-qQeOWyjnxbE0mbQIdoFI4nGK5qWTEQUWZCMwosvyeHLqEZDzr9CNLAAFTujvsZJJ7NLTkA0cTUzz64b57uSvMTaOK6j7Ap9ZaAgF2uaqBdZ1NzqofLeU4XYCG8pWc5Qd-Ri_1KsksjaDHk12ZU4vKIJWJ-puEnpXBLoHuko92BnN8_LXx4sfDdK7wRiXk0LU_iwoT5zb1ro7KaM0hcfidWoz95vfhPhACIsXQ.YcVAPLJ061gvPpVB-zMm4A.PveUBLejLzMjA4tViHTRXbYnxMHFu8W2ECwj9b6sF2u2azi0TbxxMhs65j-t3qm-8EKBJM7LKIlkAtQ1XBeZl4zuTeMFxsQ0VShQfwlN2r8dPFgUzb4f_MzBuFFYfP5hBs-jugm89l2ZTj8oAOOSpAlC7uTmwha3dNaDOzlJniqAl_729q5EvSjaYXMtaET9wSTNSDfMUVFcMERbB50VOhc134JDUVPTuriD0rd4tQm8Do8obFKtFeZ5l3jT73-f1tPZwZ6CmFVxUMh6gSdY5A.tR8bNx9WErquthpWZBeMaw";

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password").GetRSAPrivateKey();

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token,privateKey);

NET461: RSACryptoServiceProvider, RSA or CngKey types of keys, public/private is asymmetric to encoding.

ES256, ES284, ES512 signatures expects

NET40-NET45: CngKey as a key, public/private is asymmetric to encoding. If EccKey.New(...) wrapper is used, make sure correct usage: value is set. Should be CngKeyUsages.Signing for ES-* signatures (default value, can be ommited).

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsImN0eSI6InRleHRcL3BsYWluIn0.eyJoZWxsbyI6ICJ3b3JsZCJ9.EVnmDMlz-oi05AQzts-R3aqWvaBlwVZddWkmaaHyMx5Phb2NSLgyI0kccpgjjAyo1S5KCB3LIMPfmxCX_obMKA";

byte[] x = { 4, 114, 29, 223, 58, 3, 191, 170, 67, 128, 229, 33, 242, 178, 157, 150, 133, 25, 209, 139, 166, 69, 55, 26, 84, 48, 169, 165, 67, 232, 98, 9 };
byte[] y = { 131, 116, 8, 14, 22, 150, 18, 75, 24, 181, 159, 78, 90, 51, 71, 159, 214, 186, 250, 47, 207, 246, 142, 127, 54, 183, 72, 72, 253, 21, 88, 53 };

var publicKey=EccKey.New(x, y);

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token,publicKey);

NETCORE: can accept either CngKey (see above) or ECDsa as a key, public/private is asymmetric to encoding.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var publicKey=new X509Certificate2("ecc-key.p12", "password").GetECDsaPublicKey();

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, publicKey, JwsAlgorithm.ES256);

NET461: accepts CngKey and ECDsa types of keys, public/private is asymmetric to encoding.

ECDH-ES and ECDH-ES+A128KW, ECDH-ES+A192KW, ECDH-ES+A256KW key management algorithms expects CngKey as a key, public/private is asymmetric to encoding. If EccKey.New(...) wrapper is used, make sure correct usage: value is set. Should be CngKeyUsages.KeyAgreement for ECDH-ES.

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJFQ0RILUVTIiwiZW5jIjoiQTEyOEdDTSIsImVwayI6eyJrdHkiOiJFQyIsIngiOiJPbDdqSWk4SDFpRTFrcnZRTmFQeGp5LXEtY3pQME40RVdPM1I3NTg0aEdVIiwieSI6Ik1kU2V1OVNudWtwOWxLZGU5clVuYmp4a3ozbV9kTWpqQXc5NFd3Q0xaa3MiLCJjcnYiOiJQLTI1NiJ9fQ..E4XwpWZ2kO-Vg0xb.lP5LWPlabtmzS-m2EPGhlPGgllLNhI5OF2nAbbV9tVvtCckKpt358IQNRk-W8-JNL9SsLdWmVUMplrw-GO-KA2qwxEeh_8-muYCw3qfdhVVhLnOF-kL4mW9a00Xls_6nIZponGrqpHCwRQM5aSr365kqTNpfOnXgJTKG2459nqv8n4oSfmwV2iRUBlXEgTO-1Tvrq9doDwZCCHj__JKvbuPfyRBp5T7d-QJio0XRF1TO4QY36GtKMXWR264lS7g-T1xxtA.vFevA9zsyOnNA5RZanKqHA";

byte[] x = { 4, 114, 29, 223, 58, 3, 191, 170, 67, 128, 229, 33, 242, 178, 157, 150, 133, 25, 209, 139, 166, 69, 55, 26, 84, 48, 169, 165, 67, 232, 98, 9 };
byte[] y = { 131, 116, 8, 14, 22, 150, 18, 75, 24, 181, 159, 78, 90, 51, 71, 159, 214, 186, 250, 47, 207, 246, 142, 127, 54, 183, 72, 72, 253, 21, 88, 53 };
byte[] d = { 42, 148, 231, 48, 225, 196, 166, 201, 23, 190, 229, 199, 20, 39, 226, 70, 209, 148, 29, 70, 125, 14, 174, 66, 9, 198, 80, 251, 95, 107, 98, 206 };

var privateKey=EccKey.New(x, y, d, CngKeyUsages.KeyAgreement);

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, privateKey);

PBES2-HS256+A128KW, PBES2-HS384+A192KW, PBES2-HS512+A256KW key management algorithms expects string passpharase as a key

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2IiwicDJjIjo4MTkyLCJwMnMiOiJiMFlFVmxMemtaNW9UUjBMIn0.dhPAhJ9kmaEbP-02VtEoPOF2QSEYM5085V6zYt1U1qIlVNRcHTGDgQ.4QAAq0dVQT41dQKDG7dhRA.H9MgJmesbU1ow6GCa0lEMwv8A_sHvgaWKkaMcdoj_z6O8LaMSgquxA-G85R_5hEILnHUnFllNJ48oJY7VmAJw0BQW73dMnn58u161S6Ftq7Mjxxq7bcksWvFTVtG5RsqqYSol5BZz5xm8Fcj-y5BMYMvrsCyQhYdeGEHkAvwzRdvZ8pGMsU2XPzl6GqxGjjuRh2vApAeNrj6MwKuD-k6AR0MH46EiNkVCmMkd2w8CNAXjJe9z97zky93xbxlOLozaC3NBRO2Q4bmdGdRg5y4Ew.xNqRi0ouQd7uo5UrPraedg";

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, "top secret");

JWE JSON Serialization support (RFC 7516)

As of version v3.1 jose-jwt library provides full support for json serialized encrypted content.

Decoding json serialized encrypted content

JweToken Jose.JWE.Decrypt(token, key) - can be used to decrypt JSON serialized token.

See Verifying and Decoding Tokens section for information about different key types usage.

The function returns object of type JweToken with following properties:

• PlaintextBytes - byte array with decrypted content, only when decryption successfully performed
• Plaintext - decrypted content as string, only when decryption successfully performed
• Recipient - effective recipient that was used to decrypt token, only when decryption was successfully performed
• Aad - additional authentication data
• Iv - initialization vector
• Ciphertext - ciphertext (encrypted content)
• AuthTag - authenication tag
• UnprotectedHeader - shared unprotected headers (key-value pairs)
• ProtectedHeaderBytes - shared signature protected headers, binary blob
• Recipients - list of JweRecipient objects as specified in token

JweRecipient object supports following properties:

• Alg - Key encryption algorithm
• Header - Per recipient set of headers
• JoseHeader - effective headers for given recipient, calculated as union of shared headers and per-recipient headers, only when decryption successfully performed via Jose.JWE.Decrypt() or Jose.JWE.Headers() was called.

string token = @"
{
	""aad"": ""ZXlKaGJHY2lPaUpCTVRJNFMxY2lMQ0psYm1NaU9pSkJNVEk0UTBKRExVaFRNalUySW4w"",
	""ciphertext"": ""02VvoX1sUsmFi2ZpIbTI8g"",
	""encrypted_key"": ""kH4te-O3DNZoDlxeDnBXM9CNx2d5IgVGO-cVMmqTRW_ws0EG_RKDQ7FLLztMM83z2s-pSNSZtFf3bx9Aky8XOzhIYCIU7XvmiQ0pp5z1FRdrwO-RxEOJfb2hAjD-hE5lCJkkY722QGs4IrUQ5N5Atc9h9-0vDcg-gksFIuaLMeRQj3LxivhwJO-QWFd6sG0FY6fBCwS1X6zsrZo-m9DNvrB6FhMpkLPBDOlCNnjKf1_Mz_jAuXIwnVUhoq59m8tvxQY1Fyngiug6zSnM207-0BTXzuCTnPgPAwGWGDLO7o0ttPT6RI_tLvYE6AuOynsqsHDaecyIkJ26dif3iRmkeg"",
	""header"": {
		""alg"": ""RSA-OAEP-256"",
		""kid"": ""Ex-p1KJFz8hQE1S76SzkhHcaObCKoDPrtAPJdWuTcTc""
	},
	""iv"": ""E1BAiqIeAH_0eInT59zb8w"",
	""protected"": ""eyJlbmMiOiJBMjU2Q0JDLUhTNTEyIiwidHlwIjoiSldFIn0"",
	""tag"": ""yYBiajF5oMtyK3mRVQyPnlJL25hXW8Ct8ZMcFK5ehDY""
}";

// Use key type approporiate for your recipient
var key = LoadPrivateRsaKey();

// decrypt JSON serialized token
JweToken jwe = Jose.JWE.Decrypt(token, key);

// generic form to access decrypted content as blob
byte[] binaryContent = jwe.PlaintextBytes;

// convinient helper to get decrypted content as string
string content = jwe.Plaintext;

// effective recipient information that was used for decryption
JweRecipient recipient = jwe.Recipient;

// accessing effective headers
string keyId = recipient.JoseHeaders["kid"];

Encrypting using JSON serialization

string Jose.JWE.Encrypt(plaintext, recipients, encryption, add, serialization, compression, extraProtectedHeaders, unprotectedHeaders, settings) - can be used to encrypt string content and produce JSON serialized token.

Alternate version to encrypt binary content is also available string Jose.JWE.EncryptBytes().

Where:

• plaintext - content (payload) to be encrypted
• recipients - one or more recipients information
• encryption - encryption to be used
• add - optional, Additional Authentication Data
• serialization - optional, Json is default, final token encoding
• compression - optional, compression algorithm
• extraProtectedHeaders - optional, additional key-value pairs to include into protected header
• unprotectedHeaders - optional, key-value pairs to include into unprotected header

See Creating encrypted Tokens section for information about different key types usage.

var payload = "Hello JWE !";
var blob = new byte[] { 72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 74, 87, 69, 32, 33 };
var preSharedKey = LoadKey();

// generate JSON encoded token
string token_1 = JWE.Encrypt(payload, new[] { new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.A256KW, preSharedKey) }, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

// encrypt binary
string token_2 = JWE.EncryptBytes(payload, new[] { new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.A256KW, preSharedKey) }, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

// can opt-in for Compact encoded tokens with same interface
string token_3 = JWE.Encrypt(payload, new[] { new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.A256KW, preSharedKey), mode: SerializationMode.Compact }, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

Encrypt for multiple recipients at once:

var payload = "Hello World !";
JweRecipient r1 = new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.PBES2_HS256_A128KW, "secret");
JweRecipient r2 = new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.ECDH_ES_A128KW, ECPublicKey());
JweRecipient r3 = new JweRecipient(JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256, RsaPublicKey());

string token = JWE.Encrypt(payload, new[] { r1, r2, r3 }, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

Provide additional authentication data and unprotected shared headers:

var payload = "Hello World !";

// additional authenticatin data
var aad = new byte[] { 101, 121, 74, 104, 98, 71, 99, 105, 79, 105, 74, 66, 77, 84, 73, 52, 83, 49, 99, 105, 76, 67, 74, 108, 98, 109, 77, 105, 79, 105, 74, 66, 77, 84, 73, 52, 81, 48, 74, 68, 76, 85, 104, 84, 77, 106, 85, 50, 73, 110, 48 };

// shared unprotected headers
var unprotected = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "jku", "https://server.example.com/keys.jwks" }
};

var preSharedKey = LoadKey();

string token = JWE.Encrypt(payload, new[] { r }, JweEncryption.A256GCM, aad, unprotectedHeaders: unprotected);

Additional utilities

Unencoded and detached content (aka RFC 7797)

As of v2.5.0 library support b64 header to control payload decoding and encoding and optional content detaching.

Encoding can be controlled with optional JwtOptions parameter, that support:

• DetachPayload - whether we'd like to omit payload part in token produced (false by default)
• EncodePayload - whether to apply base64url encoding to payload part (true by default)

Options can be mixed in any combinations. To match RFC 7797:

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(json, secretKey, JwsAlgorithm.HS256, options: new JwtOptions { DetachPayload = true, EncodePayload = false});

or just skip payload for instance:

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(json, secretKey, JwsAlgorithm.HS256, options: new JwtOptions { DetachPayload = true });

Decoding automatically respect b64 header if present. In case of detached payload one can provide optional payload param:

string token = "eyJiNjQiOmZhbHNlLCJjcml0IjpbImI2NCJdLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9..iyormYw6b0zKjx4K-fpeZO8xrLghkeUFMb2l4alz03CRLVdlXkdeKVG7N5lBbS-kXB4-8hH1ELFA5fUJzN2QYR6ZZIWjDF77HYTw7lsyjTJDNABjBFn-BIXlWatjNdgtRi2BZg2q_Wos87ZQT6Sl-h5hvxsFEsR0kGPMQ4Fjp-sxOyfnls8jAlziqmkpN-K6I3tK2vCLCQgnaN9sYrsIcrzuEA30YeXsgUe3m44yxLCXczXWKE3kgGiZ0MRpVvKOZt4B2DZLcRmNArhxjhWWd1nKZvv8c7kN0TqOjcNEUGWzwDs4ikCSz1aYKaLPXgjzpKnzbajUM117F3aCAaWH9g";

// will echo provided payload back as return value, for consistency
string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, PubKey(), payload: @"{""hello"": ""world""}");

also works with binary payloads:

string token = "eyJiNjQiOmZhbHNlLCJjcml0IjpbImI2NCJdLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9..ToCewDcERVLuqImwDkOd9iSxvTC8vzh-HrhuohOIjWMrGpTZi2FdzVN4Ll3fb2Iz3s_hj-Lno_c6m_7VcmOHfRLC9sPjSu2q9dbNkKo8Zc2FQmsCBdQi06XGAEJZW2M9380pxoYKiJ51a4EbGl4Ag7lX3hXeTPYRMVifacgdlpg2SYZzDPZQbWvibgtXFsBsIqPd-8i6ucE2eMdaNeWMLsHv-b5s7uWn8hN2nMKHj000Qce5rSbpK58l2LNeWw4IR6wNOqSZfbeerMxq1u0p-ZKIQxP24MltaPjZtqMdD4AzjrP4UCEf7VaLSkSuNVSf6ZmLmE_OYgQuQe7adFdoPg";

// will echo provided payload back as return value, for consistency
byte[] payload = Jose.JWT.DecodeBytes(token, PubKey(), payload: BinaryPayload);

Adding extra headers

jose-jwt allows to pass extra headers when encoding token to overide deafault values^*. extraHeaders: named param can be used, it accepts IDictionary<string, object> type. jose-jwt is NOT allow to override alg and enc headers.

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
     { "sub", "[email protected]" },
     { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var headers = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
     { "typ", "JWT" },
     { "cty", "JWT" },
     { "keyid", "111-222-333"}
};

var secretKey = new byte[]{164,60,194,0,161,189,41,38,130,89,141,164,45,170,159,209,69,137,243,216,191,131,47,250,32,107,231,117,37,158,225,234};

string token = Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, secretKey, JweAlgorithm.A256GCMKW, JweEncryption.A256CBC_HS512, extraHeaders: headers);

var payload = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
    { "sub", "[email protected]" },
    { "exp", 1300819380 }
};

var headers = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
     { "typ", "JWT" },
     { "cty", "JWT" },
     { "keyid", "111-222-333"}
};

var privateKey=new X509Certificate2("my-key.p12", "password", X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet).PrivateKey as RSACryptoServiceProvider;

string token=Jose.JWT.Encode(payload, privateKey, JwsAlgorithm.RS256, extraHeaders: headers);

* For backwards compatibility signing uses pre-configured typ: 'JWT' header by default.

Two-phase validation

In some cases validation (decoding) key can be unknown prior to examining token content. For instance one can use different keys per token issuer or rely on headers information to determine which key to use, do logging or other things.

jose-jwt provides helper methods to examine token content without performing actual integrity validation or decryption.

IDictionary<string, object> Jose.JWT.Headers(String token) to return header information as dictionary and T Jose.JWT.Headers<T>(string token) to return headers information as unmarshalled type.

string Jose.JWT.Payload(string token) to return unparsed payload and T Jose.JWT.Payload<T>(string token) to return unmarshalled payload type. Those 2 methods works only with signed tokens and will throw JoseException when applied on encrypted token.

With JWE JSON (RFC 7516) serialized tokens JweToken JWE.Headers() method can be used for same purpose. It will parse JSON structure into JweToken object and pre-populate effective headers (JweRecipient.JoseHeader property, see JWE) per every recipient in token. But will not perform actual decryption or integrity verification.

Security warning: please note, you should NOT rely on infromation extracted by given helpers without performing token validation as second step.

Below are couple examples on how two-phase validation can be implemented with jose-jwt:

//step 1a: get headers info
var headers = Jose.JWT.Headers(token);

//step 1b: lookup validation key based on header info
var key = FindKey(headers["keyid"]);

//step 2: perform actual token validation
var payload = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, key);

//step 1a: get payload as custom JwtToken object
var jwt = Jose.JWT.Payload<JwtToken>(token);

//step 1b: lookup validation key based on issuer
var key = FindKeyByIssuer(jwt.Iss);

//step 2: perform actual token validation
var payload = Jose.JWT.Decode<JwtToken>(token, key);

// Validate token with a public RSA key published by the IDP as a list of JSON Web Keys (JWK)
// step 0: you've read the keys from the jwks_uri URL found in http://<IDP authority URL>/.well-known/openid-configuration endpoint
Dictionary<string, ServiceStack.Text.JsonObject> keys = GetKeysFromIdp();

// step 1a: get headers info
var headers = Jose.JWT.Headers(token);

// step 1b: lookup validation key based on header info
var jwk = keys[headers["keyid"]];

// step 1c: load the JWK data into an RSA key
RSACryptoServiceProvider key = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
key.ImportParameters(new RSAParameters
{
    Modulus = Base64Url.Decode(jwk["n"]),
    Exponent = Base64Url.Decode(jwk["e"])
});

// step 2: perform actual token validation
var paylod = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, key);

// Validate JWE JSON token with dynamic key

// step 1a: parse token, extract public JWK set and keyid for some recipient
var parsed = JWE.Headers(token);
var keysUrl = parsed.UnprotectedHeader["jku"];
var keyId = parsed.Recipients[0].Header["keyid"];

// step 1b: find/retrieve/ensure actual key for decryption
var key = FindKey(keysUrl, keyId);

// step 2: perform actual token validation
var payload = JWE.Decrypt(token, key).Plaintext;

Strict validation

It is possible to use strict validation before decoding a token. This means that you will specify which algorithm and possibly encryption type you are expecting to receive in the header. If the received header doesn't match with the types that you have specified an exception will be thrown and the parsing will be stopped.

Example of how to strictly validate an encrypted token:

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJkaXIiLCJlbmMiOiJBMjU2R0NNIn0..Fmz3PLVfv-ySl4IJ.LMZpXMDoBIll5yuEs81Bws2-iUUaBSpucJPL-GtDKXkPhFpJmES2T136Vd8xzvp-3JW-fvpRZtlhluqGHjywPctol71Zuz9uFQjuejIU4axA_XiAy-BadbRUm1-25FRT30WtrrxKltSkulmIS5N-Nsi_zmCz5xicB1ZnzneRXGaXY4B444_IHxGBIS_wdurPAN0OEGw4xIi2DAD1Ikc99a90L7rUZfbHNg_iTBr-OshZqDbR6C5KhmMgk5KqDJEN8Ik-Yw.Jbk8ZmO901fqECYVPKOAzg";

byte[] secretKey = new byte[] { 164, 60, 194, 0, 161, 189, 41, 38, 130, 89, 141, 164, 45, 170, 159, 209, 69, 137, 243, 216, 191, 131, 47, 250, 32, 107, 231, 117, 37, 158, 225, 234 };

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, secretKey, JweAlgorithm.DIR, JweEncryption.A256GCM);

Example of how to strictly validate a signed token:

string token = "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsImN0eSI6InRleHRcL3BsYWluIn0.eyJoZWxsbyI6ICJ3b3JsZCJ9.EVnmDMlz-oi05AQzts-R3aqWvaBlwVZddWkmaaHyMx5Phb2NSLgyI0kccpgjjAyo1S5KCB3LIMPfmxCX_obMKA";

byte[] x = { 4, 114, 29, 223, 58, 3, 191, 170, 67, 128, 229, 33, 242, 178, 157, 150, 133, 25, 209, 139, 166, 69, 55, 26, 84, 48, 169, 165, 67, 232, 98, 9 };
byte[] y = { 131, 116, 8, 14, 22, 150, 18, 75, 24, 181, 159, 78, 90, 51, 71, 159, 214, 186, 250, 47, 207, 246, 142, 127, 54, 183, 72, 72, 253, 21, 88, 53 };

var publicKey = EccKey.New(x, y);

string json = Jose.JWT.Decode(token, publicKey, JwsAlgorithm.ES256);

Working with binary payload

It is possible to encode and decode JOSE objects that have a payload consisting of arbitrary binary data. The methods that work with a binary payload have the Bytes suffix in the name to distinguish them in cases of potential ambiguity, e.g. EncodeBytes().

Example of working with signed binary payloads in JOSE objects:

var payload = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 0, 255 };
var signingKey = Convert.FromBase64String("WbQs8GowdRX1zYCFi3/VuQ==");

// Encoding a token with a binary payload.
var token = Jose.JWT.EncodeBytes(payload, signingKey, Jose.JwsAlgorithm.HS256);

// Reading the binary payload from a token (with signature verification).
var decoded = Jose.JWT.DecodeBytes(token, signingKey);

// Reading the binary payload from a token (without signature verification).
decoded = Jose.JWT.PayloadBytes(token);

Parsing and mapping json to object model directly

jose-jwt library is agnostic about object model used to represent json payload as well as underlying framework used to serialize/parse json objects. Library provides convinient generic methods to work directly with your object model:

MyDomainObject obj=Jose.JWT.Decode<MyDomainObject>(token,secretKey); //will invoke configured IJsonMapper to perform parsing/mapping of content to MyDomainObject

string data=Jose.JWT.Encode(obj,secrectKey,JwsAlgorithm.HS256); //for object argument configured IJsonMapper will be invoked to serialize object to json string before encoding

Potential security risk

While deserializing a token, if a field is not provided in token (may due to payload schema changes), the field will remain its default value. This is Newtonsoft.Json's behavior. This hehavior is quite dangerous, which could give attacker chances.

Suppose the payload class is Payload.

class Payload
{
    public int UserId { get; set; }
}

Later the Payload class is changed to:

class Payload
{
    public int Id { get; set; } // UserId -> Id
}

Now, if the library deserializes a token issued before the change of Payload class, proterty Id is not provided in the token and will remain its default value 0. The payload data will be: {Id = 0}.

The user will get someone else's identity (id: 0) .

So developers should always use nullable data types for payload class properties.

Settings

As of v2.3.0 settings can be configured either globally or on a per-call basis using a JwtSettings object. The JWT.DefaultSettings object can be modified to change global settings, or a JwtSettings instance can be passed to any public method on JWT to override the global settings for particular method call. It is possible to provide custom implementations of:

• specific signing JwtSettings.RegisterJws(alg, impl)
• encryption, JwtSettings.RegisterJwe(alg, impl)
• key management JwtSettings.RegisterJwa(alg, impl)
• or compression JwtSettings.RegisterCompression(alg, impl)
• json mapper JwtSettings.RegisterMapper(mapper)

as well as specify aliases when decoding tokens from 3rd party libraries that do not comply exactly to spec:

• signing JwtSettings.RegisterJwsAlias(header, alg)
• encryption JwtSettings.RegisterJweAlias(header, alg)
• key management JwtSettings.RegisterJwaAlias(header, alg)
• compression JwtSettings.RegisterCompressionAlias(header, alg)

Example of JWTSettings

// global setting
Jose.JWT.DefaultSettings.JsonMapper = new Jose.NewtonsoftMapper();


Jose.JWTSettings settings = new Jose.JwtSettings();
settings.JsonMapper = new Jose.JSSerializerMapper();

// override global settings for this call
Jose.JWT.Decode(token, secretKey, settings: settings);

//or simply
Jose.JWT.Decode(token, secretKey, settings: new JwtSettings().RegisterMapper(new Jose.JSSerializerMapper()));

Customizing json <-> object parsing & mapping

The library provides simple Jose.IJsonMapper interface to plug any json processing library or customize default behavior. The only requirement for mapping implementations is ability to correctly serialize/parse IDictionary<string,object> type.

The default supplied Jose.IJsonMapper implementation is based on System.Web.Script.Serialization.JavaScriptSerializer.

Example of Newtonsoft.Json mapper

public class NewtonsoftMapper : IJsonMapper
{
    public string Serialize(object obj)
    {
         var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
         {
         	ContractResolver = new DictionaryKeysResolver(),
         	NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore,
         };

        return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj, Formatting.Indented, settings);
    }

    public T Parse<T>(string json)
    {
        var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
        {
            ContractResolver = new DictionaryKeysResolver(),
            NullValueHandling = NullValueHandling.Ignore,
        };

        return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(json, settings);
    }
}

Jose.JWT.DefaultSettings.JsonMapper = new NewtonsoftMapper();

Example of ServiceStack mapper

public class ServiceStackMapper : IJsonMapper
{
    public string Serialize(object obj)
    {
        return ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.SerializeToString(obj);
    }

    public T Parse<T>(string json)
    {
        return ServiceStack.Text.JsonSerializer.DeserializeFromString<T>(json);
    }
}

Jose.JWT.DefaultSettings.JsonMapper = new ServiceStackMapper();

Customizing algorithm implementations

The default implementations of any of the signing, encryption, key management, or compression algorithms can be overridden.

Example of custom algorithm implementation

public class CustomKeyManagement : IKeyManagement
{
    public byte[] Unwrap(byte[] encryptedCek, object key, int cekSizeBits, IDictionary<string, object> header)
    {
        // implement custom key unwrapping (e.g. using Amazon KMS for instance)
    }

    public byte[][] WrapNewKey(int cekSizeBits, object key, IDictionary<string, object> header)
    {
        // implement custom key wrapping (e.g. using Amazon KMS for instance)
    }
}

...

// set default RSA-OAEP key management to use custom implementation
Jose.JWT.DefaultSettings.RegisterJwa(JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP, new CustomKeyManagement());

Providing aliases

It is possible to add any number of aliases when decoding for signing, encryption, key management, or compression algorithms. For example if you are dealing with tokens produced from 3rd party library which you have no control over and by mistake it is using RSA_OAEP_256 header value instead of RSA-OAEP-256 it is possible to register alias:

   Jose.JWT.Decode(token, key, settings: new JwtSettings().RegisterJwaAlias("RSA_OAEP_256", JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256));

Multiple calls can be chained for more convinience:

Jose.JWT.Decode(token, secretKey, settings: new JwtSettings()
						.RegisterMapper(customMapper)
						.RegisterJws(JwsAlgorithm.RS256, amazonKmsImpl)
						.RegisterJws(JwsAlgorithm.RS384, amazonKmsImpl)
						.RegisterJws(JwsAlgorithm.RS512, amazonKmsImpl)
						.RegisterJwa(JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256, hsmImpl)
						.RegisterJwe(JweEncryption.A128GCM, linuxGcmImpl)
						.RegisterJwaAlias("RSA_OAEP_256", JweAlgorithm.RSA_OAEP_256)
						.RegisterCompression(JweCompression.DEF, hardwareAcceleratedDeflate)
);

More examples

Checkout UnitTests\TestSuite.cs for more examples.

Dealing with keys

Below is collection of links and approaches to nail down some common questions around key management:

RSACryptoServiceProvider

When you dealing with RSACryptoServiceProvider you can face Invalid algorithm specified exception while performing signing or encryption operations. The reason usually is that underneath RSACryptoServiceProvider is not using Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider. There are several ways to fix that:

1. re-import RSAParameters:

public static RSACryptoServiceProvider FixCSP(RSACryptoServiceProvider key)
{
    var privKey = key.PrivateKey;

    RSACryptoServiceProvider newKey = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
    newKey.ImportParameters(privKey.ExportParameters(true));

    return newKey;
}

The limitation of this approach is that private key should be marked exportable. It is not recommended for production environments but can be handy for testing.

1. Enforce correct CSP:

public static RSACryptoServiceProvider FixCSP(RSACryptoServiceProvider key)
{
    var privKey = key.PrivateKey;
    var enhCsp = new RSACryptoServiceProvider().CspKeyContainerInfo;
    var cspParams = new CspParameters(enhCsp.ProviderType, enhCsp.ProviderName, privKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.KeyContainerName);

    return new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParams);
}

For more details see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7444586/how-can-i-sign-a-file-using-rsa-and-sha256-with-net

1. Actually use certificate which supports SHA-2, see http://hintdesk.com/c-how-to-fix-invalid-algorithm-specified-when-signing-with-sha256/ for details how to create one.

If you have only RSA private key

E.g. if you don't have .p12 file where certificate is combined with private key that can be loaded via X509Certificate2 but rather have only private key:

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
............................
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

Then take a look at: http://www.donaldsbaconbytes.com/2016/08/create-jwt-with-a-private-rsa-key/

Strong-Named assembly

jose-jwt is not providing standalone strong-named assembly as of now. If you need one in your project, please take a look at https://github.com/dvsekhvalnov/jose-jwt/issues/5

Usually people have success with https://github.com/brutaldev/StrongNameSigner

ASP.NET Core MVC JWT Authentication

Securing Controllers Using AuthorizeAttribute

ASP.NET Team provides Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer that can be used to authorize web service routes using JWT Tokens created using JOSE-JWT that are passed via Authorize: Bearer HTTP header.

In startup.cs, you can add JWT Authorization middleware by using UseJwtBearerAuthentication extension method against the IApplicationBuilder app parameter in void Configure method.

Below is the example for setting up the middleware using HS-* signed token:

using System;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;

// The key length needs to be of sufficient length, or otherwise an error will occur.
var tokenSecretKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["TokenSecretKey"]);

var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
{
    // Token signature will be verified using a private key.
    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
    RequireSignedTokens = true,
    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(tokenSecretKey),

    // Token will only be valid if contains "accelist.com" for "iss" claim.
    ValidateIssuer = true,
    ValidIssuer = "accelist.com",

    // Token will only be valid if contains "accelist.com" for "aud" claim.
    ValidateAudience = true,
    ValidAudience = "accelist.com",

    // Token will only be valid if not expired yet, with 5 minutes clock skew.
    ValidateLifetime = true,
    RequireExpirationTime = true,
    ClockSkew = new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0),

    ValidateActor = false,
};

app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions
{
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
    TokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters,
});

After that, your Controllers or Actions can be secured by using [Authorize] attribute.

In addition, certain JWT reserved claims will be automatically be populated into HttpContext.User as the following Claim Type (from System.Security.Claims namespace):

JWT Claim Name	Data Type	Claim Type
sub	string	ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier
email	string	ClaimTypes.Email
unique_name	string	ClaimTypes.Name
roles	List<string>	ClaimTypes.Role

This list is anything but complete. There might be more claims that are transformed but not listed yet.

Therefore, you can use role-based authorization as well, for example: [Authorize(Roles = "Administrator")]

If you wish to do more than one type of authentication to separate routes, you should use app.UseWhen, for example:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    app.UseStaticFiles();
    AuthenticateUI(app);
    AuthenticateAPI(app);
    app.UseMvc(routes =>
    {
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "default",
            template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
    });
}

public void AuthenticateAPI(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    // IsAPI method returns TRUE when a request route is started with "/api".
    // For those routes, we'll use JWT Authorization:
    app.UseWhen(context => IsAPI(context), builder =>
    {
        builder.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions
        {
            AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
            TokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters,
        });
    });
}

public void AuthenticateUI(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    // For non-API routes, we'll use Cookie Authorization, as an example.
    app.UseWhen(context => !IsAPI(context), builder =>
    {
        builder.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
        {
            AuthenticationScheme = "Accelist_Identity",
            LoginPath = new PathString("/auth/login"),
            AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
            AutomaticChallenge = true
        });
    });
}

Creating and Using a JWT Token

We can use an MVC web API to accept a request containing a user's credentials in exchange for a JWT token.

public class TokenRequest
{
    [Required]
    public string Username { set; get; }

    [Required]
    public string Password { set; get; }
}

[Route("api/v1/token")]
public class TokenApiController : Controller
{
    private readonly AuthService AuthService;

    public TokenApiController(AuthService authService)
    {
        // AuthService is your own class that handles your application's authentication functions.
        // AuthService is injected via Controller's constructor and registered At startup.cs
        // Read more: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/mvc/controllers/dependency-injection
        this.AuthService = authService;
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Post([FromBody]TokenRequest model)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid == false)
        {
            return BadRequest("Username and password must not be empty!");
        }

        // Authenticates username and password to your SQL Server database, for example.
        // If authentication is successful, return a user's claims.
        var claims = await AuthService.TryLogin(model.Username, model.Password);
        if (claims == null)
        {
            return BadRequest("Invalid username or password!");
        }

        // As an example, AuthService.CreateToken can return Jose.JWT.Encode(claims, YourTokenSecretKey, Jose.JwsAlgorithm.HS256);
        var token = AuthService.CreateToken(claims);
        return Ok(token);
    }
}

Therefore, by sending a HTTP POST request containing Username and Password to that endpoint, you will receive a token that is signed by the server.

Example for making a request from the client using JavaScript Promise using AngularJS $http:

$http.post("/api/v1/token", {
    username: "foo",
    password: "bar"
}).then(function(response) {
    // Request successful.
    MyToken = response.data;
}, function(response) {
    // Request failed! Do something with the response.
});

Then later, you can use the obtained token for sending requests to secured routes by attaching it to the request header.

$http.post("/api/v1/function", {
    foo: "bar"
}, {
    headers: {
        Authorization: "Bearer " + MyToken
    }
}).then(function(response) {
    // Request successful. Do something with the response.
}, function(response) {
    // Request failed! Do something with the response.
});