will-in-wi / Letsencrypt Webfaction
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LetsEncrypt WebFaction
LetsEncrypt utility client for WebFaction hosts.
WebFaction is closing down.
Webfaction is sadly closing their doors and will be completely shut down in June. All of my sites have been migrated to Opalstack, and I no longer have a way to test issues. I suspect that most folks who used this tool have also migrated at this point, or will be doing so before long.
As a result, this project is now closed down. THANK YOU to all of you who have filed issues, contributed code and documentation, and helped others solve tickets. You have made this a tremendously fun and rewarding project to work on, and helped out so many fellow WebFaction customers. It has been an honor to work with so many of you on it.
Previous Readme
NOTE: Version 4 is out and requires some manual changes. See the upgrade guide for details.
This tool automates the process of using LetsEncrypt on WebFaction hosts. It can be added to the Cron scheduled task runner where it will validate your domains automatically, obtain the certificates, and then install them using the Webfaction API.
For more documentation, as well as walkthroughs, see the wiki!
Note: if you find this useful and are setting up a new account, you can support me a little by using my WebFaction affiliate link. I think I get a 10% referal bonus from whatever you spend at WebFaction. Thanks!
Why not Certbot?
Certbot is the "official" (in that it was the first and to some extent reference client) Let's Encrypt client. Let's Encrypt decided to focus Certbot on a particular use case, namely the configuration of servers which are directly facing the internet and can have the Certbot application run as root. For other use cases, they encourage the implementation of other clients tailored to different cases. This has spawned a wide variety of alternative implementations.
LetsEncrypt WebFaction is just such an alternative implementation. It was built because the WebFaction use case does not fit in the Certbot preconditions, namely that users don't have root access to change the frontend Nginx server configuration. WebFaction has a custom API we use to install the certificate.
Certbot could probably be used in "webroot" mode to create the certificate on disk, and have someone write a custom plugin to install using the API. For various reasons, I decided not to do this. If someone creates instructions to do this, I'd be happy to link to it from the wiki.
Prerequisite topics
Below are a list of server administration topics that it is assumed you know in order to follow the installation and setup instructions. If you find something in the readme that is unclear to you, please open a ticket and I'll try to improve the documentation!
Cron
Cron is an application which will execute commands on a defined schedule. WebFaction has some good documentation on how to use it.
SSH
All of the commands listed below (unless specified otherwise) are run in an SSH session on the server. Again, WebFaction has written a splendid little tutorial on how to get this working.
SFTP
If you're not happy navigating around your server's folders and files through SSH, you might find some of this process easier if you access your server with an FTP client over Secure FTP. WebFaction also has this covered.
Installation
This utility works on CentOS 6 and 7 boxes. The CentOS 5 systems do not have a new enough OpenSSL to include the algorithms required. You may be able to make this work using rbenv and compiling openssl yourself. A tutorial for CentOS 5 is available here: https://github.com/will-in-wi/letsencrypt-webfaction/wiki/Install-custom-OpenSSL-and-Ruby-on-CentOS-5-host
All places where you need to substitute a value specific to your setup will be denoted with square brackets, e.g. [yourdomain.com]. There are cases where shell variables are used, such as $HOME. These should be typed verbatim.
NOTE: You can install letsencrypt_webfaction using rbenv if you are an advanced Ruby user. Replace the following section with these instructions if you choose to do so.
Run the following command in an SSH session to install the letsencrypt_webfaction package via the RubyGems package management site:
GEM_HOME=$HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems RUBYLIB=$GEM_HOME/lib gem2.4 install letsencrypt_webfaction
Add the following to ~/.bash_profile (using, for example, an FTP client or your favorite text editor):
function letsencrypt_webfaction {
GEM_HOME=$HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems PATH=$PATH:$GEM_HOME/bin RUBYLIB=$GEM_HOME/lib ruby2.4 $HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems/bin/letsencrypt_webfaction $*
}
This will simplify the running of the LetsEncrypt WebFaction command, by setting some variables in advance.
After saving ~/.bash_profile, run the command source $HOME/.bash_profile to apply the new settings.
Run letsencrypt_webfaction init to generate a registration cert and the config file. Open the config file nano -w ~/letsencrypt_webfaction.toml and edit to reflect your configuration.
Now, you are ready to run letsencrypt_webfaction run from your SSH session to get certificates. Note that by default the config file letsencrypt_webfaction.toml is pointed at the LetsEncrypt staging endpoint (the line that says: directory = "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"); meaning you will only get "test" certificates installed while using the stage endpoint. To issue live certificates you will need to comment out default line, and uncomment the production endpoint line (the line that says: directory = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory" # Production).
When you have tested with staging, you can remove the certificate from WebFaction control panel (make sure no webapps are using it first) and re-run with the production endpoint.
After you run this command, you will see new certificates in the webfaction admin panel (under Domains / Websites, then SSL certificates), with the names you have provided (ie, the name = variable in the letsencrypt_webfaction.toml config file). You need to change your application to point to this certificate after the certificate has been issued. This change will take some time for Webfaction to deploy before you will be able to successfully connect with the https version of your site. After a short period, Webfaction will copy your generated certficates into the directory /home/yourusername/certificates/. Future runs of this command will update the existing certificate entry and not require a change in the admin panel.
Once you can connect to your site via https you might have broken images and CSS files. Such "mixed content" will need to be fixed: make sure any references to embeded content from your site uses https rather than http.
Finally, if you would like the http site to redirect to your https, follow the Webfaction guidance.
Usage
Syntax
The syntax of the letsencrypt_webfaction command is as follows:
$ letsencrypt_webfaction [init|run] [*options]
The commands are init and run. You can also use --version to get the currently installed version of letsencrypt_webfaction.
init
Generate registration cert and config file.
run
Generate certs and add to them to the control panel. This command has the following options:
-
--config=CONFIG: Use alternative configuration path -
--force: Re-issue certs regardless of expiration -
--help: Show help for this command -
--quiet: Run with minimal output (useful for cron)
Testing
To test certificate issuance, consider using the LetsEncrypt staging server. This doesn't have the rate limit of 5 certs per domain every 7 days. You can change the directory config line to be https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory in order to test the system.
After switching endpoints, you will likely want to run the command with --force in order to reissue all certificates from the new endpoint.
Operation
When letsencrypt_webfaction runs, it places verification files into the public directory specified, validates the domains with LetsEncrypt, and then uploads the certificate to WebFaction's API.
Once you have the certificate installed and working, you will probably want to redirect the HTTP version of your site to the HTTPS version. WebFaction has documentation describing how to do this.
Cron usage
Normally, you will run the script manually once to get the certificate, and then you will use Cron to automate future certificate renewal.
The Cron task should run daily (or however often you prefer) and will only renew or issue certs which have been added, changed, or are near or past expiration.
Your Cron task should look like:
18 3 * * * PATH=$PATH:$GEM_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin GEM_HOME=$HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems RUBYLIB=$GEM_HOME/lib ruby2.4 $HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems/bin/letsencrypt_webfaction run --quiet
Note the usage of --quiet to keep the success message from being shown and emailed.
This would run at 03:18 a.m. every day. Change the exact time of the Cron task so that the load on Let's Encrypt is spread out.
If you want to be notified upon failure, you can add MAILTO=[Cron documentaion some webfaction servers also require you to add MAILFROM=[[email protected]] to the top of the crontab.
Upgrading
While WebFaction staff maintain your standard server software, the support team will not upgrade your installation of LetsEncrypt WebFaction. You won't usually need to do this unless you have an issue but, as is good practice with most software, it's best kept up to date.
You can find the current version by running letsencrypt_webfaction --version. Sort of. In versions >= 1.1.4 (except for versions v3.0.0-v3.0.1), this will work. In older versions, this will just print letsencrypt_webfaction: version unknown due to an oversight on my part. So if you get the latter output, just upgrade.
The changelog describes changes from version to version.
LetsEncrypt WebFaction follows Semantic Versioning. In a nutshell, a version number such as 1.2.4 is divided as major.minor.patch. When the major version is incremented, you will probably have to change something about the configuration to make it work. The changelog will let you know what changes you need to make. When the minor version is incremented, there are new features but existing features haven't changed. If the patch version is incremented, the changes are all under the hood and shouldn't change or add any existing features.
TL;DR: Be careful with major version upgrades and you should be fine with upgrading to minor or patch releases.
To upgrade, run the following command to fetch and install the newest version from RubyGems:
GEM_HOME=$HOME/.letsencrypt_webfaction/gems RUBYLIB=$GEM_HOME/lib gem2.4 install letsencrypt_webfaction
Development
If you are interested in contributing to this project with new code or bugfixes, welcome!
To run the script directly from the repository, use:
$ ruby -Ilib exe/letsencrypt_webfaction
See details in the "Testing" section above on how to use the Let's Encrypt stage server when developing, together with usage of the --support_email parameter in a testing environment.
After checking out the repo, run bin/setup to install dependencies. Then, run rake spec to run the tests. You can also run bin/console for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
To install this gem onto your local machine, run bin/rake install. To release a new version, update the version number in lib/letsencrypt_webfaction.rb, and then run bin/rake release, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the .gem file to rubygems.org. This project uses Semantic Versioning.
Contributing
Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/will-in-wi/letsencrypt-webfaction