1. UsernetesKubernetes installable under $HOME, without the root privileges
2. RootlesskitLinux-native "fake root" for implementing rootless containers
3. Slirp4netnsUser-mode networking for unprivileged network namespaces
5. runrootlessrootless OCI container runtime with ptrace hacks (No root privileges nor SUID binaries (e.g. newuidmap) are required!)