shosca / django-rest-witchcraft

Django REST Witchcraft

Django REST Framework integration with SQLAlchemy

django-rest-witchcraft is an extension for Django REST Framework that adds support for SQLAlchemy. It aims to provide a similar development experience to building REST api's with Django REST Framework with Django ORM, except with SQLAlchemy.

Installation

pip install django-rest-witchcraft

Quick Start

First up, lets define some simple models:

import sqlalchemy as sa
import sqlalchemy.orm  # noqa
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

engine = sa.create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
session = sa.orm.scoped_session(sa.orm.sessionmaker(bind=engine))

Base = declarative_base()
Base.query = session.query_property()


class Group(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'groups'

    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = sa.Column(sa.String())


class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = sa.Column(sa.String())
    fullname = sa.Column(sa.String())
    password = sa.Column(sa.String())

    _group_id = sa.Column('group_id', sa.Integer(), sa.ForeignKey('groups.id'))
    group = sa.orm.relationship(Group, backref='users')


class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'

    id = sa.Column(sa.Integer(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    email_address = sa.Column(sa.String(), nullable=False)

    _user_id = sa.Column(sa.Integer(), sa.ForeignKey('users.id'))
    user = sa.orm.relationship(User, backref='addresses')

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

Nothing fancy here, we have a User class that can belongs to a Group instance and has many Address instances

This serializer can handle nested create, update or partial update operations.

Lets define a serializer for User with all the fields:

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = User
        session = session
        fields = '__all__'

This will create the following serializer for us:

>>> serializer = UserSerializer()

>>> serializer
UserSerializer():
    id = IntegerField(allow_null=False, help_text=None, label='Id', required=True)
    name = CharField(allow_null=True, help_text=None, label='Name', max_length=None, required=False)
    fullname = CharField(allow_null=True, help_text=None, label='Fullname', max_length=None, required=False)
    password = CharField(allow_null=True, help_text=None, label='Password', max_length=None, required=False)
    group = GroupSerializer(allow_null=True, is_nested=True, required=False):
        id = IntegerField(allow_null=False, help_text=None, label='Id', required=False)
        name = CharField(allow_null=True, help_text=None, label='Name', max_length=None, required=False)
    addresses = AddressSerializer(allow_null=True, many=True, required=False):
        id = IntegerField(allow_null=False, help_text=None, label='Id', required=False)
        email_address = CharField(allow_null=False, help_text=None, label='Email_address', max_length=None, required=True)
    url = UriField(read_only=True)

Lets try to create a User instance with our brand new serializer:

serializer = UserSerializer(data={
    'name': 'shosca',
    'password': 'swordfish',
})
serializer.is_valid()
serializer.save()

user = serializer.instance

This will create the following user for us:

>>> user
User(_group_id=None, id=1, name='shosca', fullname=None, password='swordfish')

Lets try to update our user User instance and change its password:

serializer = UserSerializer(user, data={
    'name': 'shosca',
    'password': 'password',
})
serializer.is_valid()
serializer.save()

user = serializer.instance

Our user now looks like:

>>> user
User(_group_id=None, id=1, name='shosca', fullname=None, password='password')

Lets try to update our User instance again, but this time lets change its password only:

serializer = UserSerializer(user, data={
    'password': 'swordfish',
}, partial=True)
serializer.is_valid()
serializer.save()

user = serializer.instance

This will update the following user for us:

>>> user
User(_group_id=None, id=1, name='shosca', fullname=None, password='swordfish')

Our user does not belong to a Group, lets fix that:

group = Group(name='Admin')
session.add(group)
session.flush()

serializer = UserSerializer(user, data={
    'group': {'id': group.id}
})
serializer.is_valid()
serializer.save()

user = serializer.instance

Now, our user looks like:

>>> user
User(_group_id=1, id=1, name='shosca', fullname=None, password='swordfish')

>>> user.group
Group(id=1, name='Admin')

We can also change the name of our user's group through the user using nested updates:

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = User
        session = session
        fields = '__all__'
        extra_kwargs = {
            'group': {'allow_nested_updates': True}
        }

serializer = UserSerializer(user, data={
    'group': {'name': 'Super User'}
}, partial=True)
serializer.is_valid()

user = serializer.save()

Now, our user looks like:

>>> user
User(_group_id=1, id=1, name='shosca', fullname=None, password='swordfish')

>>> user.group
Group(id=1, name='Super User')

We can use this serializer in a viewset like:

from rest_witchcraft import viewsets

class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.query
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

And we can register this viewset in our urls.py like:

from rest_witchcraft import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    ...
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    ...
]